CARDIO

Question 1

Increase in JVP seen with inspiration

Answer 1

kussmauls sign
(seen in restrictive CM, pericardial tamponade, constrictive pericarditis)

Question 2

Associated with apple green birefringence with Congo red staining

Answer 2

Amyloidosis

Question 3

Increased LV volume with squatting/leg raise, leads to _______ murmur with HOCM

Answer 3

Decreased with HOCM (Increased with AS)

Question 4

Decreased LV volume with valsalva/standing, leads to _______ murmur with HOCM

Answer 4

Increased with HOCM (Decreased with AS)

Question 5

MC type of cardiomyopathy

Answer 5

Dilated

Question 6

Common etiology of dilated CM and myocarditis

Answer 6

viral diseases (enterovirus, coxsackie virus B)

Question 7

MC cause of dilated CM

Answer 7

idiopathic (viral, doxorubicin, toxic)

Question 8

EKG Analysis (7 step method)

Answer 8

Determine the rhythm, rate, QRS axis, P waves/PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, and T waves

Question 9

Two shockable rhythms with unsynchronized cardioversion:

Answer 9

vfib & pulseless vtach

Question 10

Dysthymia defined as HR <100 with >3 p wave morphologies

Answer 10

Wandering atrial pacemaker

Question 11

Dysthymia defined as HR >100 with >3 p wave morphologies

Answer 11

Multifocal atrial tachycardia

Question 12

Multifocal atrial tachycardia is classically associated with

Answer 12

severe COPD

Question 13

Multifocal atrial tachycardia is frequently treated with

Answer 13

verapamil

Question 14

MC cyanotic congenital heart disease

Answer 14

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 15

MC type of congenital heart disease in childhood

Answer 15

Ventricular septal defect (perimembraneous)

Question 16

List the congenital cyanotic heart diseases (5)

Answer 16

1. truncus arteriosis
2. transposition of great arteries
3. tricuspid atresia
4. tetralogy of fallot
5. total anomalous pulmonary venous return

Question 17

Mgmt for ASD

Answer 17

Small ASD <5mm may be observed (most small ASD spontaneously close in first year of life)
–Surgical correction if >1 cm or symptomatic

Question 18

Mgmt for PDA

Answer 18

NSAIDs - 1st line
–Surgical correction if persistent despite NSAIDs

Question 19

MC cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting in neonatal period

Answer 19

transposition of great arteries (dextro)

Question 20

Worst RF for CAD

Answer 20

DM (considered CAD equivalent)

Question 21

Most important modifiable RF for CAD

Answer 21

smoking

Question 22

Treatment that decreases mortality in CAD

Answer 22

ASA and BB

Question 23

Indications for CABG (3)

Answer 23

Left main disease, multivessel disease (>3), decreased EF (<40)

Question 24

MOA prevents platelet activation/aggregation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, leading to decreased thromboxane A2 and inhibiting prostaglandins

Answer 24

ASA

Question 25

CI to nitrates (3)

Answer 25

1- SBP <90
2- RV infarction
3- concurrent use of sildenafil

Question 26

increased JVP, positive kussmaul sign, and clear lungs on physical exam is c/w this type of MI

Answer 26

RV infarction

Question 27

Triad of Dressler’s syndrome:

Answer 27

post-MI pericarditis, fever, pulmonary infiltrates

Question 28

First line therapy for HF

Answer 28

ACEi