CARDIO Flashcards
Increase in JVP seen with inspiration
kussmauls sign
(seen in restrictive CM, pericardial tamponade, constrictive pericarditis)
Associated with apple green birefringence with Congo red staining
Amyloidosis
Increased LV volume with squatting/leg raise, leads to _______ murmur with HOCM
Decreased with HOCM (Increased with AS)
Decreased LV volume with valsalva/standing, leads to _______ murmur with HOCM
Increased with HOCM (Decreased with AS)
MC type of cardiomyopathy
Dilated
Common etiology of dilated CM and myocarditis
viral diseases (enterovirus, coxsackie virus B)
MC cause of dilated CM
idiopathic (viral, doxorubicin, toxic)
EKG Analysis (7 step method)
Determine the rhythm, rate, QRS axis, P waves/PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, and T waves
Two shockable rhythms with unsynchronized cardioversion:
vfib & pulseless vtach
Dysthymia defined as HR <100 with >3 p wave morphologies
Wandering atrial pacemaker
Dysthymia defined as HR >100 with >3 p wave morphologies
Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Multifocal atrial tachycardia is classically associated with
severe COPD
Multifocal atrial tachycardia is frequently treated with
verapamil
MC cyanotic congenital heart disease
Tetralogy of Fallot
MC type of congenital heart disease in childhood
Ventricular septal defect (perimembraneous)
List the congenital cyanotic heart diseases (5)
- truncus arteriosis
- transposition of great arteries
- tricuspid atresia
- tetralogy of fallot
- total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Mgmt for ASD
Small ASD <5mm may be observed (most small ASD spontaneously close in first year of life)
–Surgical correction if >1 cm or symptomatic
Mgmt for PDA
NSAIDs - 1st line
–Surgical correction if persistent despite NSAIDs
MC cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting in neonatal period
transposition of great arteries (dextro)
Worst RF for CAD
DM (considered CAD equivalent)
Most important modifiable RF for CAD
smoking
Treatment that decreases mortality in CAD
ASA and BB
Indications for CABG (3)
Left main disease, multivessel disease (>3), decreased EF (<40)
MOA prevents platelet activation/aggregation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, leading to decreased thromboxane A2 and inhibiting prostaglandins
ASA
CI to nitrates (3)
1- SBP <90
2- RV infarction
3- concurrent use of sildenafil
increased JVP, positive kussmaul sign, and clear lungs on physical exam is c/w this type of MI
RV infarction
Triad of Dressler’s syndrome:
post-MI pericarditis, fever, pulmonary infiltrates
First line therapy for HF
ACEi
