Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Exam 3 > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cardiac disorders?

A

Hypertension

Cardiac dysrhythmia

Coronary artery disease

Heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is hypertension

A

When SBP > 130

When DBP > 80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are consequences of HTN

A

Cardiac disease

Stroke

Renal disease

Peripheral artery disease

Blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

CAD is caused by plaque buildup in the wall of the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are symptoms of CAD

A

angina/chest pain

Shortness of breath

GI symptoms

Myocardial infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are cardiac dysrhythmias/arrhythmias?

A

Abnormal heart rate and/or rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are signs and symptoms of cardiac dysrhythmias/arrhythmias

A

Low CO

heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is heart failure?

A

Heart failure occurs when the heart can no longer pump effectively and cannot supply adequate blood to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure?

A

Low blood delivered to periphery

Low renal function

Low GI function

Chest pain

Fatigue

Lung congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of right sided heart failure?

A

Hypoxia

Peripheral edema

Jugular venous distention (JVD)

Hepatic congestion

Hepatomegaly

Ascites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the HTN drugs?

A

ACE inhibitors

A2RBs

Calcium blockers

Alpha 1 and 2 blockers

Beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MOA for ace inhibitors

A

Blocks the enzyme (ACE) that converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2. This action promotes vasodilation and excretion of sodium and water from the kidneys

From graph:
Produces vasodilation.. decreases blood pressure.. Lowers hearts workload.. increased blood flow.. increases O2 supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is angiotensin 2

A

A potent vasoconstrictor and also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is aldosterone

A

It’s a hormone that causes retention of sodium by the kidneys and ADH acts on the hypothalamus to stimulate thirst and on the kidneys to retain water. These actions attempt to increase blood volume and BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do ace inhibitors increase UO?

A

It blocks aldosterone. The kidneys will no longer hold sodium and retain water, therefore decreasing blood volume which will decrease BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prototype for ACEI

A

Lisinopril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adverse effects of ACEI

A

Hypotension- dizziness, light headedness, syncope

Arrhythmias, angina, HF

sexual dysfunction

Hyperkalemia

Angioedema

Persistent dry cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the MOA of angiotensin 2 receptor blockers?

A

Blocks angiotensin 2 to produce vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adverse effects for A2RBs

A

Hypotension- dizziness, light headedness, syncope

Arrhythmias, angina, HF

sexual dysfunction

Hyperkalemia

Angioedema

Cough (less)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are teachings for ACE and ARBs?

A

Monitor electrolytes especially K

Monitor renal function: BUN, creatine, EGFR

Avoid salt substitutes and foods with high potassium

21
Q

What are specific teachings for all HTN drugs?

A

Same time and stagger if > 1

Don’t abruptly stop

No hot weather

No excess alcohol

22
Q

MOA for calcium channel blockers

A

Blocks Ca+ channels in vascular smooth muscle walls which increases vasodilation

23
Q

Generic names for calcium blockers

A

Nifedipine

Diltiazem

Verapamil

Amlodipine

24
Q

Adverse effects for calcium blockers

A

Bradycardia or reflex tachycardia

Orthostatic hypotension

Constipation (with Verapamil)

Edema

25
Q

Teachings for calcium channel blockers

A

Monitor bowel function and add fiber to diet

Check BP, HR

Check cardiac enzymes: troponin, CK, LDH, myoglobin

26
Q

Routes for ACEIs

A

PO; but IV for rapid action

27
Q

What do ACEIs treat?

A

Hypertension by lowering BP

Heart failure by lowering afterload and preload

28
Q

Nursing considerations for ACEIs?

A

Assess BP and pulse routinely— watch for hypotension

Monitor— Potassium levels, make sure they are not experiencing hyperkalemia

Monitor renal function— BUN and creatine and UOP

Angioedema which is swelling of dermis and Sub Q tissue.. so it’s really deep swelling

Watch for dry cough

29
Q

Prototype for A2RBs

A

Losartan

Valsartan

30
Q

Route for A2RB

A

PO; IV for rapid action

31
Q

What do ARBs treat?

A

It treats hypertension

Heart failure: lowering preload and afterload

32
Q

What do calcium channel blockers treat

A

Hypertension

Angina

Arrhythmia

33
Q

Prototypes for alpha blockers

A

Prazosin

Doxazosin

34
Q

Adverse effects of alpha blockers

A

1st dose hypotension

35
Q

What do alpha blockers treat?

A

Hypertension

36
Q

Prototype for nitrates

A

Nitroglycerin

37
Q

Specific teaching for short acting nitroglycerin

A

Have the patient stop activity

1 tablet sublingual every 5 mins x 3 for chest pain.. PRN

For patches and ointments:
Apply to clean, dry, hairless area, rotate sites, avoid distal portions
12 hours on- 12 hours off

38
Q

Prototype for angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors

A

Valsartan/sacubitril

39
Q

Therapeutic effect for ARNIs

A

Decrease signs of heart failure

Improved ejection fraction

40
Q

Prototype for k+ channel blockers

A

Amiodarone

41
Q

What does amiodarone treat?

A

Dysthymia

HR returns to baseline (60-100 beats per min)

Rhythm will return to regular

No signs of HF

42
Q

Adverse effects of amiodarone

A

Pulmonary toxicity

Visual disturbances

Liver/thyroid dysfunction

GI and CNS symptoms

43
Q

Teachings for anti dysthymics?

A

How to take pulse for 1 full min

Have BP monitored regularly

Use OTC cold remedies, appetite suppressants, and anti sleep with caution

Timing of medications especially if taking more than one

Safety about reposition changes

Follow up labs- electrolytes

Report any worsening SOB, palpitations, chest pain

44
Q

What does digoxin treat?

A

Dysthymia

45
Q

Therapeutic effects for digoxin

A

HR returned to baseline

Rhythm becomes regular

Narrow therapeutic range

Serum blood levels: 0.5-2 ng/ml

46
Q

Adverse effects for digoxin

A

Bradycardia

Hypotension

S/SX of decreased cardio output or HF

Anorexia is common early sign of digoxin toxicity

Visual changes- yellow halos around objects, blurring

47
Q

Nursing considerations for digoxin

A

It has a long half life due to high protein binding so give once a day and loading dose is required

Antidote: digoxin immune fab (Digibind)

48
Q

What kind of electrolyte imbalance is associated with digoxin

A

Hypokalemia

Hypomagnesemia

Hypercalcemia

Pharm Exam 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions