CARDIO

Question 1

NIACINE CAUSE CUTANEUS FLUSHIG MEDIATED BY?

Answer 1

PROSTAGLANDINS

Question 2

FENOFIBRATE MECHANISMS?

Answer 2

REDUCE HEPATIC VLDL PRODUCTION

Question 3

Angiotensin II (Ex. Lisinopril) effect?

Answer 3

Constricts efferent arteriole

Question 4

Adenosine side effects (4)?

Answer 4

Flushing , hypotension, bronchospasm and high grade AV block

Question 5

b-blockers (ex. Metroprolol) effect?

Answer 5

Decrease level of circulating renin

Question 6

Class IA (Ex. Disopyramide, Procainamide and Quinidine ) MOA?

Answer 6

Inh. of phase 0 Depolarization

Question 7

Dobutamine cause increase in heart rate and cardiac contractility leading to?

Answer 7

Increase in myocardial oxygen consumption

Question 8

Neprilysin used?

Answer 8

Heart failure

Question 9

Neprilysin MOA?

Answer 9

INH. ANGIOTENSIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES (EG. VASODILATION , DIURESIS) WHILE BLOKING THE NEG. EFFECTS OF ANGIOTENSIN II (EX. VASOCONSTRICTION , FLUID RETENTION)

Question 10

How Angiotensin II receptor blocks help to reduce concentric LVH (Left Ventricular Hypertrophy)?

Answer 10

provide the greatest reduction in remodelling

Question 11

Amlodipine (Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker) S.E. (4)?

Answer 11

Headache , flushing, dizziness and peripheral edema

Question 12

Permissive hormone?

Answer 12

no effect on a physiologic process by itself but allows another hormone to exert its maximal effects on that process

Question 13

Slow rising carotid pulses, mid- systolic murmur and large pressure gradient across the aortic valve?

Answer 13

Severe aortic stenosis

Question 14

WHEN Angina in aortic stenosis occurs ?

Answer 14

Increases in left ventricular wall stress

Question 15

Fludrocortisone effects?

Answer 15

increases hypovolemia and vascular adrenergic sensitivity and decrease urine sodium excretion

Question 16

Cardiac findings on Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy?

Answer 16

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 17

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease cause?

Answer 17

Accumulation of an abnormally folded (eg. Beta pleated sheet) protein that is resistant to proteases

Question 18

Liver enlarged , showing a “nutmeg” appearance on cross section, Dx.?

Answer 18

Congestive heart failure

Question 19

Mitral valve stenosis, sx. on auscultation?

Answer 19

Opening snap –> early to mid-diastolic rumble is heard.

Question 20

Vasculitis due to cryoglobulinemia assoc. w/ hepatitis C ?

Answer 20

PALPABLE PURPURA

Question 21

Acute mitral valve frequently affected by?

Answer 21

Rheumatic fever