Cardio Flashcards
Vagus nerve vs phrenic nerve
Vagus is medial to the phrenic nerve
Order of great vessels from right to left
SVC
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Tricuspid valve
Sits deep to the coronary groove which contains the right coronary artery
Anterior interventricular groove
marks the boundary between the 2 ventricles, and contains the Left Anterior Descending branch of the left coronary artery
Posterior interventricular groove
A branch of the right coronary artery, and sits in the posterior interventricular groove
2 branches off the right coronary artery
Right marginal artery
Posterior interventricular artery
Where is the left coronary artery located
Left atrioventricular groove
4 left coronary artery branches
Circumflex
Left anterior descending
Left marginal
Lateral/diagonal branch
Internal features of the right atrium
3 openings - SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus
The fossa ovalis/oval fossa is a depression in the right atrium (a remnant of the foramen ovale)
Internal features of the right atrium
3 openings - SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus
The fossa ovalis/oval fossa is a depression in the right atrium (a remnant of the foramen ovale)
Crista terminalis
Represents the boundary between the smooth and rough parts of the RA
SA node (sinoatrial)
Just below the opening for the SVC
How are the cusps of the heart connected to the heart wall
By tendinous cords, which are anchored to papillary muscles
Where to place the stethoscope for heart valves + ERBs point
Aortic valve - 2nd (right of sternum)
Mitral - 5th (left of sternum, mid clavicular)
Pulmonary valve - 2nd (left of sternum)
Tricuspid - 4th (left of sternum)
ERBs point - 3rd (left of sternum)
ERBs point is the approx centre of the heart, can listen to both S1 and S2 here, can often be related to aortic regurgitation if murmur is heard
What is the transverse thoracic plane
The line between the sternal angle and the T4/5 intervertebral disc
Differentiates the superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum
How does vagus nerve pass through the diaphragm
With the oesophagus
Where does the azygous vein drain into
SVC
Branches coming off aorta
2 coronary arteries branch first
Brachiocephalic (right head and neck)
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
Bilateral posterior intercostal arteries from descending aorta
What is the venous angle
The junction between the subclavian and internal jugular veins
In terms of surface anatomy, the left venous angle is located at the left sternoclavicular joint
What nerve sits posterior to the lung root
Vagus nerve
Phrenic lies anterior
Where does the recurrent laryngeal branch of the left vagus hook under
Ligament ateriosum
Nerves of the superior mediastinum, from lateral to medial
Phrenic
Vagus
Recurrent laryngeal
Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook under
Right subclavian artery and does not enter the chest
Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve hook under
Arch of the aorta and enters the chest
Where does lymph from the inferior lobe of the left lung drain into
It can drain into the right lymphatic duct
Where does lymph from the inferior lobe of the left lung drain into
It can drain into the right lymphatic duct
Where does lymph from the inferior lobe of the left lung drain into
It can drain into the right lymphatic duct
From anterior to posterior, the structures of the posterior mediastinum are
Brachiocephalic veins + SVC
Arch of aorta
Trachea
Oesophagus
Thoracic duct
