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Phase 1 Meg > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two phases of blood?

A

Cellular component and plasma component

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2
Q

Body volume of blood

A

5 lites

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3
Q

Define haematocrit

A

Volume of RBC in blood

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4
Q

Normal haematocrit levels

A

0.45

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5
Q

Define haemeopoisis

A

Process of production of blood cells and platelets

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6
Q

Where does haemeopoisis occur in adults?

A

Bone marrow

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7
Q

RBC lifetime

A

120 days

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8
Q

Platelet lifetime

A

7-10 days

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9
Q

WBC lifetime

A

6 hours

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10
Q

Where are the precursor cells of RBCs found in adults?

A

Axial skeleton (skull, ribs, pelvis, long bones)

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11
Q

Where are the precursor cells of RBCs found in children?

A

All bones

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12
Q

Where are the precursor cells of RBCs found in utero?

A

Yolk sack, then liver and spleen

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13
Q

Hormone controlling RBC production

A

Erythropoietin

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14
Q

Where is erythropoietin produced?

A

Kidney

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15
Q

Hormonal growth factor controlling WBC production

A

G-CSF

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16
Q

Hormonal growth factor controlling platelet production

A

Tpo

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17
Q

When will oxygen dissociation curve shift to the right?

A
  • Decreased pH
  • Increased temperature
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18
Q

What are young RBC known as?

A

Reticulocyte

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18
Q

When will oxygen dissociation curve shift to the left?

A
  • Increased pH
  • Decreased temperature
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19
Q

Function of haemoglobin

A

Carries oxygen from lungs to tissues

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20
Q

Protein structure of haemoglobin

A

Quaternary structure - 2 alpha and 2 beta chains

21
Q

Normal haemoglobin level

A

12.5-15.5 g/dl

22
Q

Result of low haemoglobin

A

Anaemia

23
Q

Result of high haemoglobin

A

Polycythaemia

24
Q

Corpuscular causes of anaemia

A
  • Membrane
  • Haemoglobin
  • Enzymes
25
Q

Extra corpuscular causes of anaemia

A
  • Reduced production > chemotherapy, deficiencies
  • Increased destruction/ loss > bleeding, haemolysis
  • Redistribution
26
Q

Most numerous WBC

A

Neutrophils

27
Q

Life span of neutrophils

A

10 hours

28
Q

Function of neutrophils

A

Phagocytose and kill bacteria

29
Q

What do neutrophils release?

A

Chemotaxins and cytokines

30
Q

Result of reduced neutrophils/function loss

A

Recurrent bacterial infections

31
Q

Where are B lymphocytes made?

A

Bone marrow

32
Q

Where are B lymphocytes stored?

A

Secondary lymphoid organs

33
Q

What do lymphocytes differentiate into?

A

Plasma cells

34
Q

What do B lymphocytes produce when exposed to foreign antigen?

A

Immunoglobulins

35
Q

Where are T lymphocytes made?

A

Bone marrow

36
Q

Where are T lymphocytes matured?

A

Thymus

37
Q

Two types of T lymphocytes

A

Helper cells
Cytotoxic cells

38
Q

Platelet lifespan

A

7-10 days

39
Q

Where are platelets produced?

A

Bone marrow

40
Q

Function of platelets

A

Clotting

41
Q

What is the presence of primitive white precursor cells in the blood a sign of?

A

Acute leukaemia

42
Q

What are the cells that platelets are made from called?

A

Megakaryocytes

43
Q

Reduced number of platelets

A

Thrombocytopenia

44
Q

Risk associated with thrombocytopenia

A

Cerebral bleeding

45
Q

Increased number of platelets

A

Thrombocytosis

46
Q

Risk associated with thrombocytosis

A

Heart attack and stroke

47
Q

Where are coagulation proteins produced?

A

Liver

48
Q

Enzyme responsible for platelet plug

A

Thrombin

49
Q

What coagulation factors is out K essential for?

A

2, 7, 9 and 10 (1972)

50
Q

Where is albumin produced?

A

Liver

51
Q

Function of albumin

A

Maintain oncotic pressure

Phase 1 Meg (1 decks)

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