Cardio

Question 1

What are the two phases of blood?

Answer 1

Cellular component and plasma component

Question 2

Body volume of blood

Answer 2

5 lites

Question 3

Define haematocrit

Answer 3

Volume of RBC in blood

Question 4

Normal haematocrit levels

Answer 4

0.45

Question 5

Define haemeopoisis

Answer 5

Process of production of blood cells and platelets

Question 6

Where does haemeopoisis occur in adults?

Answer 6

Bone marrow

Question 7

RBC lifetime

Answer 7

120 days

Question 8

Platelet lifetime

Answer 8

7-10 days

Question 9

WBC lifetime

Answer 9

6 hours

Question 10

Where are the precursor cells of RBCs found in adults?

Answer 10

Axial skeleton (skull, ribs, pelvis, long bones)

Question 11

Where are the precursor cells of RBCs found in children?

Answer 11

All bones

Question 12

Where are the precursor cells of RBCs found in utero?

Answer 12

Yolk sack, then liver and spleen

Question 13

Hormone controlling RBC production

Answer 13

Erythropoietin

Question 14

Where is erythropoietin produced?

Answer 14

Kidney

Question 15

Hormonal growth factor controlling WBC production

Answer 15

G-CSF

Question 16

Hormonal growth factor controlling platelet production

Answer 16

Tpo

Question 17

When will oxygen dissociation curve shift to the right?

Answer 17

• Decreased pH
• Increased temperature

Question 18

What are young RBC known as?

Answer 18

Reticulocyte

Question 18

When will oxygen dissociation curve shift to the left?

Answer 18

• Increased pH
• Decreased temperature

Question 19

Function of haemoglobin

Answer 19

Carries oxygen from lungs to tissues

Question 20

Protein structure of haemoglobin

Answer 20

Quaternary structure - 2 alpha and 2 beta chains

Question 21

Normal haemoglobin level

Answer 21

12.5-15.5 g/dl

Question 22

Result of low haemoglobin

Answer 22

Anaemia

Question 23

Result of high haemoglobin

Answer 23

Polycythaemia

Question 24

Corpuscular causes of anaemia

Answer 24

- Membrane - Haemoglobin - Enzymes

Question 25

Extra corpuscular causes of anaemia

Answer 25

- Reduced production > chemotherapy, deficiencies - Increased destruction/ loss > bleeding, haemolysis - Redistribution

Question 26

Most numerous WBC

Answer 26

Neutrophils

Question 27

Life span of neutrophils

Answer 27

10 hours

Question 28

Function of neutrophils

Answer 28

Phagocytose and kill bacteria

Question 29

What do neutrophils release?

Answer 29

Chemotaxins and cytokines

Question 30

Result of reduced neutrophils/function loss

Answer 30

Recurrent bacterial infections

Question 31

Where are B lymphocytes made?

Answer 31

Bone marrow

Question 32

Where are B lymphocytes stored?

Answer 32

Secondary lymphoid organs

Question 33

What do lymphocytes differentiate into?

Answer 33

Plasma cells

Question 34

What do B lymphocytes produce when exposed to foreign antigen?

Answer 34

Immunoglobulins

Question 35

Where are T lymphocytes made?

Answer 35

Bone marrow

Question 36

Where are T lymphocytes matured?

Answer 36

Thymus

Question 37

Two types of T lymphocytes

Answer 37

Helper cells Cytotoxic cells

Question 38

Platelet lifespan

Answer 38

7-10 days

Question 39

Where are platelets produced?

Answer 39

Bone marrow

Question 40

Function of platelets

Answer 40

Clotting

Question 41

What is the presence of primitive white precursor cells in the blood a sign of?

Answer 41

Acute leukaemia

Question 42

What are the cells that platelets are made from called?

Answer 42

Megakaryocytes

Question 43

Reduced number of platelets

Answer 43

Thrombocytopenia

Question 44

Risk associated with thrombocytopenia

Answer 44

Cerebral bleeding

Question 45

Increased number of platelets

Answer 45

Thrombocytosis

Question 46

Risk associated with thrombocytosis

Answer 46

Heart attack and stroke

Question 47

Where are coagulation proteins produced?

Answer 47

Liver

Question 48

Enzyme responsible for platelet plug

Answer 48

Thrombin

Question 49

What coagulation factors is out K essential for?

Answer 49

2, 7, 9 and 10 (1972)

Question 50

Where is albumin produced?

Answer 50

Liver

Question 51

Function of albumin

Answer 51

Maintain oncotic pressure