Cardio Flashcards
AAA
Midline scar
expansile AAA
thrills
abdominal bruit
AR
Collapsing pulse
Early diastyolic murmur
head bobbing
nail bed pulsatation
water hammer pulse/corrigans pulse
AS
EJSM that radiates to corotids
narrow pulse P
slow rising pulse
soft/absent S2
MR
Pansystolic Blowing murmur radiating to axilla
quiet S1
split S2
MS
Mid-late diastolic murmur (louder on exp)
Malar flush
haemoptysis
loud S1
opening snap
A fib
EJSM
AS
HOCM
PS
ASD
Pansystolic Mur
MR
TR
VSD
pulmo fib
bibasal fine end insp crackles
SOB
dry cough
clubbing + nail signs
COPD
Cough (maybe productive of white sputum)
wheeze
Hand signs (tar staining)
SOB/tachyopneoea
cyanotic
pursed lips breathing
Barrel chest
Pleural effusion
Tarstaining, clubbing, RA signs
reduced chest movement
tracheal deviation away from the side
stony dull percussion
reduced tactile and vocal fremitus
auscultation - reduced lung sounds
Bronchiectasis
Insp + exp crackles
finger clubbing
Gargling soound in lower lobe (rhonci)
DDx COPD
CF
Young pt
Around the bed - sputum pots, oxygen, nebuliser,
IV access (PICC line)
increased work of breathing
clubbing
coarse crackles
hepatomegaly causes
cirrhosis
HCC
RHF
splenomeg
Malaria
RHF
Cancer
Sickle cell
leukemia
Bilat UMN signs
MS
MND
Myelopathy
III N palsy
down and out
dilated pupil
ptosis
4 N palsy
defective downward gaze
vertical diplopia
5N palsy
Trigem neuralgia
weakness of mastication
No corneal or jaw jerk reflex
loss of sensation
6N palsy
Horizontal diplopia
7N Facial palsy
awkward movements (flacid paralysis)
loss of corneal reflex
louder sounds
loss of taste
Bells. Look for rash (ramsey hunt)
8N palsy
Vertigo
hearing loss
nystagmus
Rhinne and webber
If both rinne normal = sensorineural (weber lateralises to unaffected side)
9N palsy
loss of taste
defective swallow
loss of gag reflex
10N palsy
uvula dev away fro lesion
loss of gag
11 N palsy
poor shrug
cant turn face
12 N palsy
Tongue dev toward side of lesion
horner syndrome
ptosis
constricted pupil
bilat ptosis
MG
myotonic dystrophy
Musc nerve compression (C5-7)
Weakness of elbow flexion/supination
loss of sensation to lat forearm
Axillary nerve compression (C5-6)
weakness of shoulder abduction
flat delt
loss of sensation over delt
Radial nerve compression
loss of wrist/finger extension (-> wrist drop)
Loss of sensation to snuff box
Median nerve compression
loss of hand muscle func
loss of thumb opposition
loss of sensation to med 3 fingers
(carpel tunnel)
Ulnar nerve compression
loss of wrist flexion
loss of sensation to pinky finger
long thoracic nerve compression
winged scapula
femoral never compression
loss of knee extension
loss of sensation to anterior thigh
obturator nerve compression
loss of thigh adduction
loss sensation medial thigh
tibial nerve compression
loss foot plantarflexion (down)
loss sensation sole of foot
common peroneal nerve
loss of foot dorsiflexion (up)
foot drop
loss sensation lateral calf
superior gluteal nerve
hip abduction
+ve trundelenberg sign
UMN lesions
inc tone
no fasciculations
hyperreflexia
LMN lesions
hypotonia
fasciculations
Hyporeflexia
quadrantonopia
PITS
Cause of RAPD
Optic neuritis
Retinal detatchment
glaucoma
optic n damage
charcot marie tooth
foot drop
high arched feet
muscle weakness
hyporeflexia
knee exam
passive + active flexion/extension
palpate knee when straight and flexed
sweep + tap test
ant/post draw + lachmans
offer mcmurrays
Gait
Hip exam
knee to chest (passive + active)
passive - internal/external, add/abd, extension
Thomas test
sensation
gait + trendellenberg
Hand exam
Look + temp + pulses + look elbows
palpate dupytrens + hypothenar
snuff box
palpate each joint, ulnar border
Active movement + power (hand/elbow)
Pincer grip + power grip
fine touch
sensation
De Q Tendo
Praying + other way
tap test
Resp exam
hands, neck, face, CO2 flap
palpate apex
palpate trachea
chest expansion
percuss
auscultate (resonance + fremitus)
do same on back
check legs
Cardiac
hands, (brachial pulse)
neck (auscultate, JVP + hapatojug)
face
apex + heaves/thrills
4 valves
apex + carotids
lean to left + lean forward
AA
Same on back
Legs
