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PACES > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

AAA

A

Midline scar
expansile AAA
thrills
abdominal bruit

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2
Q

AR

A

Collapsing pulse
Early diastyolic murmur
head bobbing
nail bed pulsatation
water hammer pulse/corrigans pulse

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3
Q

AS

A

EJSM that radiates to corotids
narrow pulse P
slow rising pulse
soft/absent S2

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4
Q

MR

A

Pansystolic Blowing murmur radiating to axilla
quiet S1
split S2

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5
Q

MS

A

Mid-late diastolic murmur (louder on exp)
Malar flush
haemoptysis
loud S1
opening snap
A fib

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6
Q

EJSM

A

AS
HOCM
PS
ASD

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7
Q

Pansystolic Mur

A

MR
TR
VSD

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8
Q

pulmo fib

A

bibasal fine end insp crackles
SOB
dry cough
clubbing + nail signs

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9
Q

COPD

A

Cough (maybe productive of white sputum)
wheeze
Hand signs (tar staining)
SOB/tachyopneoea
cyanotic
pursed lips breathing
Barrel chest

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10
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Tarstaining, clubbing, RA signs
reduced chest movement
tracheal deviation away from the side
stony dull percussion
reduced tactile and vocal fremitus
auscultation - reduced lung sounds

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11
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Insp + exp crackles
finger clubbing
Gargling soound in lower lobe (rhonci)
DDx COPD

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12
Q

CF

A

Young pt
Around the bed - sputum pots, oxygen, nebuliser,
IV access (PICC line)
increased work of breathing
clubbing
coarse crackles

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13
Q

hepatomegaly causes

A

cirrhosis
HCC
RHF

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14
Q

splenomeg

A

Malaria
RHF
Cancer
Sickle cell
leukemia

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15
Q

Bilat UMN signs

A

MS
MND
Myelopathy

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16
Q

III N palsy

A

down and out
dilated pupil
ptosis

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17
Q

4 N palsy

A

defective downward gaze
vertical diplopia

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18
Q

5N palsy

A

Trigem neuralgia
weakness of mastication
No corneal or jaw jerk reflex
loss of sensation

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19
Q

6N palsy

A

Horizontal diplopia

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20
Q

7N Facial palsy

A

awkward movements (flacid paralysis)
loss of corneal reflex
louder sounds
loss of taste

Bells. Look for rash (ramsey hunt)

21
Q

8N palsy

A

Vertigo
hearing loss
nystagmus

22
Q

Rhinne and webber

A

If both rinne normal = sensorineural (weber lateralises to unaffected side)

23
Q

9N palsy

A

loss of taste
defective swallow
loss of gag reflex

24
Q

10N palsy

A

uvula dev away fro lesion
loss of gag

25
Q

11 N palsy

A

poor shrug
cant turn face

26
Q

12 N palsy

A

Tongue dev toward side of lesion

27
Q

horner syndrome

A

ptosis
constricted pupil

28
Q

bilat ptosis

A

MG
myotonic dystrophy

29
Q

Musc nerve compression (C5-7)

A

Weakness of elbow flexion/supination
loss of sensation to lat forearm

30
Q

Axillary nerve compression (C5-6)

A

weakness of shoulder abduction
flat delt
loss of sensation over delt

31
Q

Radial nerve compression

A

loss of wrist/finger extension (-> wrist drop)
Loss of sensation to snuff box

32
Q

Median nerve compression

A

loss of hand muscle func
loss of thumb opposition
loss of sensation to med 3 fingers
(carpel tunnel)

33
Q

Ulnar nerve compression

A

loss of wrist flexion
loss of sensation to pinky finger

34
Q

long thoracic nerve compression

A

winged scapula

35
Q

femoral never compression

A

loss of knee extension
loss of sensation to anterior thigh

36
Q

obturator nerve compression

A

loss of thigh adduction
loss sensation medial thigh

37
Q

tibial nerve compression

A

loss foot plantarflexion (down)
loss sensation sole of foot

38
Q

common peroneal nerve

A

loss of foot dorsiflexion (up)
foot drop
loss sensation lateral calf

39
Q

superior gluteal nerve

A

hip abduction
+ve trundelenberg sign

40
Q

UMN lesions

A

inc tone
no fasciculations
hyperreflexia

41
Q

LMN lesions

A

hypotonia
fasciculations
Hyporeflexia

42
Q

quadrantonopia

A

PITS

43
Q

Cause of RAPD

A

Optic neuritis
Retinal detatchment
glaucoma
optic n damage

44
Q

charcot marie tooth

A

foot drop
high arched feet
muscle weakness
hyporeflexia

45
Q

knee exam

A

passive + active flexion/extension
palpate knee when straight and flexed
sweep + tap test
ant/post draw + lachmans
offer mcmurrays
Gait

46
Q

Hip exam

A

knee to chest (passive + active)
passive - internal/external, add/abd, extension
Thomas test
sensation
gait + trendellenberg

47
Q

Hand exam

A

Look + temp + pulses + look elbows
palpate dupytrens + hypothenar
snuff box
palpate each joint, ulnar border
Active movement + power (hand/elbow)
Pincer grip + power grip
fine touch
sensation
De Q Tendo
Praying + other way
tap test

48
Q

Resp exam

A

hands, neck, face, CO2 flap
palpate apex
palpate trachea
chest expansion
percuss
auscultate (resonance + fremitus)
do same on back
check legs

49
Q

Cardiac

A

hands, (brachial pulse)
neck (auscultate, JVP + hapatojug)
face
apex + heaves/thrills
4 valves
apex + carotids
lean to left + lean forward
AA
Same on back
Legs

PACES (2 decks)

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