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Z2F/Comprehensive Flashcards > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

medication for long term symptom control of stable angina

A
  • Beta blockers
  • Calcium channel blockers
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2
Q

Medication for secondary prevention of stable angina

A
  • Aspirin
  • ACE-i
  • Atorvastatin
  • Beta Blocker
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3
Q

Artery & ECG leads affected in anterolateral MI

A

LCA
I, aVL, V3-V6

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4
Q

Artery & ECG leads affected in anterior MI

A

LAD
V1-V4

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5
Q

Artery & ECG leads affected in lateral MI

A

Circumflex
I, aVL, V5-V6

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6
Q

Artery & ECG leads affected in inferior MI

A

RCA
II, III, aVF

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7
Q

Initial NSTEMI Treatment

A

BATMAN
- Beta Blocker
- Aspirin
- Ticagrelor
- Morphine
- Anticoagulant (fondaparinux)
- Nitrates

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8
Q

Complications of MI

A

DREAD

  • Death
  • Rupture (around 1-2 weeks later)
  • Edema
  • Arrhythmia
  • Aneurysm
  • Dressler’s syndrome (2-6wks following MI, fever + pleuritic chest pain + pericardial effusion + raised ESR)
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9
Q

possible triggers of Left Ventricular Failure with Pulmonary Oedema

A
  • Sepsis
  • Myocardial Infarction
  • Arrhythmias
  • Iatrogenic (e.g. IV Fluids)
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10
Q

CXR changes in Left Ventricular Failure with Pulmonary Oedema (5)

A

1- upper lobe diversion
2- Pleural effusion
3- cardiomegaly
4- fluid in fissures
5- Kerley lines

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11
Q

Acute management of Left Ventricular Failure with Pulmonary Oedema

A
  • treat cause
  • sit up
  • oxygen
  • diuretics
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12
Q

Causes of heart failure

A
  • ischaemic heart disease
  • valvular heart disease
  • hypertension
  • arrhythmias
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13
Q

first line medical treatment of heart failure

A

ABAL

ACEis
Beta Blocker
Aldosterone Antagonists (e.g. eplerenone)
Loop Diuretics (e.g. Furosemide, Bumetanide)

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14
Q

Secondary causes of hypertension

A

ROPE

Renal causes
Obesity
Pregnancy
Endocrine causes

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15
Q

Endocrine causes of hypertension

A
  • Primary hyperaldosteronism
  • Phaechromocytoma
  • Cushing’s syndrome
  • Hyper or Hypothyroidism
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16
Q

Investigations to do with a new diagnosis of hypertension (4)

A

1- urine dipstick and albumin-creatinine ratio
2- Bloods (HBA1c, U&E, Lipids)
3- Fundoscopy
4- ECG

17
Q

Hypertension target in under 80s

A

< 140/90

18
Q

Valve pathology associated with malaria flush

A

mitral stenosis

19
Q

Valve pathology associated with slow rising pulse

A

aortic stenosis

20
Q

Valve pathology associated with collapsing pulse

A

aortic regurgitation

21
Q

Valve pathology: mid-diastolic, low-pitched ‘rumbling’ murmur

A

mitral stenosis

22
Q

valve pathology: pan-systolic, high-pitched ‘whistling’ murmur

A

mitral regurgitation

23
Q

valve pathology: early diastolic, soft murmur

A

aortic regurgitation

24
Q

valve pathology associated with atrial fibrillation

A

mitral stenosis

25
Q

Aortic stenosis murmur

A

ejection-systolic
high-pitched
crescendo-decrescendo murmur
loudest at the aortic area

26
Q

aortic stenosis radiates to

A

the neck

27
Q

pulse in aortic stenosis

A

narrow pulse pressure
slow rising pulse

28
Q

shockable cardiac arrest rhythms

A
  • ventricular tachycardia
  • ventricular fibrillation
29
Q

non-shockable cardiac arrest rhythms

A
  • Asystole
  • pulseless electrical activity
30
Q

medication for SVT

A

Adenosine

31
Q

first line medication for rate control in AF

A

beta-blocker

32
Q

Options for pharmacological cardioversion in AF

A
  • Flecanide
  • Amiodarone
33
Q

Options for anticoagulation in AF

A
  • 1st line= DOAC (apixaban, Rivaroxaban, Dabigatran)
  • 2nd line= Warfarin
34
Q

non-pharmacological treatment of SVT

A

-valsalva manœuvre
- carotid sinus massage

35
Q

contraindications to Adenosine

A

Asthma/COPD
Heart Failure
Heart Block
Severe hypotension

36
Q

Procedural treatment of recurrent episodes of SVT

A

Radiofrequency Ablation

Z2F/Comprehensive Flashcards (7 decks)

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