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Physiology Test 1 > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular System Functions:

A
  • transport of material: gases, nutrients, waste
  • communication
  • defense against pathogens
  • temperature
  • hemostasis
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2
Q

Heart is a _____

A

Pump
- atria receives blood in ventricles
- septum divides left and right halves

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3
Q

Ventricles =

A

Ventricles = Pump (actual force)

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4
Q

Blood Vessels

A
  • veins, arteries, and capillaries
  • pulmonary and systemic circulation
  • portal system joins 2 capillary beds in series
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5
Q

Blood is made up of

A
  • cells & plasma
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6
Q

Pressure’s effect on CVS

A

Pressure = driving force
- pressure = flow (achieved through muscular contraction)

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7
Q

Pressure Change

A
  • created by contracting muscles, transferred to blood
  • ventricles create the driving pressure
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8
Q

Dilated BV on P

A

BV dilate, BP decreases

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9
Q

Constricted BV effect on P

A
  • BV constricted = BP increase
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10
Q

Pressure Gradient Aorta -> Venae Cavae

A
  • pressure gradient is always going down
    *** Pressure ONLY increases when hits “pump” aka the ventricles
  • because the pressure gradient is always decreasing a higher pressure gradient is created which aids in increasing pushability
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11
Q

Flow Equation

A

Flow {proportional} change in P
- flow through a tube is directly proportional to the pressure gradient
- the higher the pressure gradient, the greater the fluid flow

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12
Q

Flow Resistance Equiation

A

Flow {} 1/R
- flow in a tube is inversely proportional to resistance
- if resistance increases, flow decreases
- if resistance decreases, flow increases

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13
Q

Poiseuille’s Law
Relationship between resistance and
- length
- viscosity
- tube radius

A
  • resistance is proportional to length (L) of the tube (blood vessel)
  • Resistance is proportional to viscosity, or thickness of the blood
    ———-resistance increases as viscosity increases
  • Resistance is inversely proportional to tube radius to the fourth power
    ———resistance decreases as radius increases
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14
Q

The longer the tub the ____ the resistance, the ____ flow you have through it

A

The longer the tube, the greater the resistance, the less flow you have through it

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15
Q

Most important consideration in resistance

A

Radius because raised to the 4 power

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16
Q

Greatest resistance to blood flow occurs where and why

A

Capillaries; because most narrow

17
Q

Decreased radius = ____ resistance

A

Increased resistance

18
Q

Vessel size alters viscosity

A
  • RBC suffer less viscous drag than plasma & move faster than plasma
  • hematocrit falls as the vessel size decreases
  • vessel radius alters flow characteristics of blood
19
Q

Vessels are____

A

Elastic
- allows for absorbable of cardiac output
- lack of elasticity leads to increased work

20
Q

Under control conditions blood flow out of heart (Qh) is _____ to capillary blood flow (Qr)

A

Equal

21
Q

Qr

A

Capillary blood flow
- determined by the ratio of Pa and R

22
Q

As CO is increased instantaneously, Qr?
As CO is increased over time, Pa?

A
  • instantaneous increase in CO does not alter Qr
  • As Co is increased over time Pa increases

FINALLY Qr=Qh
(Closed system so will balance out to equal by changing P and flow)

23
Q

Increased Qh (blood flow out of heart) but same arterial pressure and capitals flow =

A

Increased blood stored in heart

24
Q

Instantaneous increase in R ____ Qr?

A

reduces

25
Q

The heart is composed mostly of

A

Myocardium

26
Q

2 sets of heart valves

A

Ensure one-way flow
- Atrioventricular valves
- Semilunar Valves

27
Q

AV Valves

A
  • between atria and ventricles
  • tricuspid valve on right side
  • bicuspid valve (or mitral valve) on left side
28
Q

Semilunar Valves

A
  • curved to allow flow direction
  • between ventricles and arteries
  • aortic valve
  • pulmonary valve
29
Q

2 Vena Cava

A
  • deliver blood to right atrium
  • superior’ inferior
  • NO VALVE, just hole— flows right into right atrium
30
Q

Papillary Muscles

A

Independently contract and pull valve open/closed

31
Q

AV Valve

A

Valve shape: when ventricle contracts it will push valve shut & force blood to pulmonary artery
- lower pressure = valve shut

32
Q

During ventricular contraction, the ___ valves remain closed to prevent blood flow backward into the atria

A

AV Valves

33
Q

The ___ valves prevent blood that has entered the arteries from flowing back into the ventricles during ventricular relaxation

A

Semilunar valves

34
Q

Autorhythmic cells

A

Pacemakers
- generate basic heart rate
- signal for contraction
- smaller and fewer contractile fibers compared to contractile cells

Physiology Test 1 (2 decks)

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