Cardiac System

Question 1

Chronis Ischemic Heart Disease arises from:

Answer 1

Chronic IHD arises as a result of a mismatch between myocardial blood/oxygen supply and demand

•Attacks of angina may be precipitated by any stress which increases cardiac work and myocardial oxygen demand

Question 2

Treatment Antihyperlipedemic

Answer 2

Non –pharmacological treatment should be first for lipid lowering
•Usually Combined therapy
•Dietary reduction
•Exercise
•therapy according to the predominantly elevated component
• Lipid lowering drugs
• Statins: lipitor, lipex,
• Fibrates: lopid, Atromid S
• Bile acid sequestrant resins: cholestyramine (questran lite) and probucol (Lurselle)

Question 3

Anti- arrhythmic drugs

Answer 3

Class 1: block Na+ channels
•
Class 2: beta adrenoceptor antagonist

Class 3: prolong action potential and prolong refractory period

Class 4: Ca2+ channel antagonist

Question 4

Nitrates

Answer 4

Simple nitric and nitrous acid esters of alcohols
•Relax coronary arteries by stimulating intracellular cGMP production
•Rapid action (acute angina attack, under tounge)
• Dilate blood vessels
•Expires quickly -keep up to date
•Gliceryl Trinitrate (Anginine, Deponit, Nitradisc, Nitrolingual spray, Transiderm Nitro.)
•Isosorbide (Isordil, Isogen.)

Question 5

Calcium channel blocker

where does it affect?

Answer 5

• Affects two locations: reduce strength of contraction AND dilates blood vessels

Question 6

Beta blockers what do they do?

Answer 6

• Reduce heart rate
• Reduce heart contractility
• Reduce oxygen demand

Can only take a total of 5 with 5 minutes intervals in between as want to avoid building tolerance