Cardiac Shit

Question 1

Inotropic

Answer 1

Cardiac contractility (how hard it squeezes)

Question 2

Chronotropic

Answer 2

Heart rate

Question 3

Dromotropic

Answer 3

Affects the conduction velocity of electrical impulses

Question 4

Whats in the mediastinum

Answer 4

Trachea
Aorta
Esophagus
Great Vessels
Thymus

Question 5

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

Answer 5

Endocardium- inner layer of muscle
Myocardium- middle layer of muscle
Epicardium- outermost layer of muscle

Question 6

What’s the job of the pericardium?

Answer 6

Helps anchor the heart
prevents distention
Reduces friction

Question 7

Viseral vs parietal

Answer 7

Viseral- closer to organ
Parietal- further from organ

Question 8

Pericardial centesis

Answer 8

Procedure that removes fluid from the pericardial sac with a needle and syringe

Question 9

Atrioventricular valves, how many cusps they have and their jobs

Answer 9

Tricuspid- 3 cusps
Mitral (bicuspid)- 2 cusps

Direct flow of blood between chambers
Prevent backward flow during ventricular contraction

Question 10

Where is tricuspid valve?

Answer 10

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 11

Where is the mitral valve?

Answer 11

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 12

Semilunar valves how many cusps and their jobs

Answer 12

Pulmonary valve- 3 cusps
Regulates blood flow from right ventricle to pulmonary artery

Aortic valve- 3 cusps
Opens to allow blood to leave the left ventricle during contraction
Closes during relaxation to prevent blood from backing up into the ventricle

Question 13

Where does the right side of the heart pump to?

Answer 13

The lungs

Question 14

Where does the left side of the heart pump to?

Answer 14

Pumps arterial blood to systemic circulation

Question 15

Blood enters the right atrium via…

Answer 15

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus (great cardiac vein)

Question 16

What are erythrocytes and their characteristics

Answer 16

Red blood cells
Disk shaped
Carry O2

Question 17

What are leukocytes?

Answer 17

White blood cells

Question 18

What are thrombocytes?

Answer 18

Platelets, essential for clotting

Question 19

Arterial vessels carry blood…

Answer 19

Away from the heart

Question 20

Veins carry blood…

Answer 20

Towards the heart

Question 21

Arterial members in order

Answer 21

Arteries
Arterioles
Arterial capillaries

Question 22

Vein members in order

Answer 22

Veins
Venules
Venous capillaries

Question 23

Layers of blood vessels

Answer 23

Tunica intima- inner most (connective and elastic)
Tunica media- middle (smooth muscle, elastic, and collagen)
Tunica adventitious- outer most

Question 24

Left coronary artery originates from

Answer 24

The left side of the aorta

Question 25

Right coronary artery goes…

Answer 25

Around the posterior interventricular region and supplies a portion of the electrical system

Question 26

Posterior descending artery lies…

Answer 26

In posterior interventricular region

Question 27

Circumflex branch/artery is…

Answer 27

Part of the left coronary artery, extends around the posterior, supplies much of the posterior side

Question 28

Anterior descending artery

Answer 28

Major branch of the left coronary artery, supplies most of the anterior surface

Question 29

How long is the cardiac cycle?

Answer 29

8/10 of a second a single Hearst beat occurs

Question 30

Stroke volume is

Answer 30

Amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction

Question 31

How to find cardiac output

Answer 31

CO=stroke volume X heart rate

Question 32

What is preload?

Answer 32

Pressure within ventricles at the end of diastole

Question 33

What is after load

Answer 33

Resistance against which the heart must pump Affects stroke volume and cardiac output

Question 34

Frank-starling law (rubber band theory)

Answer 34

Greater the stretch the more forcefull the contraction

Question 35

Characteristics of cardiac cells

Answer 35

Automaticity Excitability Conductivity Contractility

Question 36

Where is the location of cardiac cells with automaticity?

Answer 36

SA node, AV node, AV junction, bundle of his, purkinje fibers

Question 37

Electrolytes that affect function of cardiac cells

Answer 37

Potassium (K) Sodium (Na) Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Phosphorous (P) Chloride (Cl)

Question 38

Cardiac cycle Phase 4

Answer 38

Phase 4-resting membrane potential -cardiac cells are at rest and ions are not in motion. This phase is also called -ready states -resting state -polarized state -resting potential

Question 39

Cardiac cycle phase 0

Answer 39

Phase 0- Cardiac depolarization= sodium ions are moved in and out the cardiac cell

Question 40

Cardiac cycle phase 1

Answer 40

Phase 1- This phase occurs when sodium channels close This phase is also called the recovery state

Question 41

Cardiac cycle Phase 2

Answer 41

Calcium ions continues to move slowly into the cell Potassium ions continue to move out of the cell

Question 42

Cardiac cycle phase 3

Answer 42

-Sodium ions move rapidly out of the cell -Potassium ions move rapidly into the cell -Calcium ion channels close -Phase ensures that cardiac muscle is completely relaxed before another depolarization occurs -Phase is also called the recovery state

Question 43

Absolute refractory period

Answer 43

Phase 0, 1 and 2 Absolutely nothing we can do to stimulate the cells because they’re under threshold

Question 44

Relative refractory period

Answer 44

Phase 3 -Cardiac cell can receive an electrical stimulus earlier than normal (if stimulus is strong enough) to cause depolarization -This is also called the vulnerable period

Question 45

Intrinsic rate of SA node

Answer 45

60-100

Question 46

Intrinsic rate of AV junction

Answer 46

40-60

Question 47

Intrinsic rate of Purkinje fibers

Answer 47

20-40