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Random Stuff > Cardiac Shit > Flashcards

Cardiac Shit Flashcards

1
Q

Inotropic

A

Cardiac contractility (how hard it squeezes)

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2
Q

Chronotropic

A

Heart rate

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3
Q

Dromotropic

A

Affects the conduction velocity of electrical impulses

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4
Q

Whats in the mediastinum

A

Trachea
Aorta
Esophagus
Great Vessels
Thymus

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5
Q

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

A

Endocardium- inner layer of muscle
Myocardium- middle layer of muscle
Epicardium- outermost layer of muscle

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6
Q

What’s the job of the pericardium?

A

Helps anchor the heart
prevents distention
Reduces friction

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7
Q

Viseral vs parietal

A

Viseral- closer to organ
Parietal- further from organ

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8
Q

Pericardial centesis

A

Procedure that removes fluid from the pericardial sac with a needle and syringe

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9
Q

Atrioventricular valves, how many cusps they have and their jobs

A

Tricuspid- 3 cusps
Mitral (bicuspid)- 2 cusps

Direct flow of blood between chambers
Prevent backward flow during ventricular contraction

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10
Q

Where is tricuspid valve?

A

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

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11
Q

Where is the mitral valve?

A

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

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12
Q

Semilunar valves how many cusps and their jobs

A

Pulmonary valve- 3 cusps
Regulates blood flow from right ventricle to pulmonary artery

Aortic valve- 3 cusps
Opens to allow blood to leave the left ventricle during contraction
Closes during relaxation to prevent blood from backing up into the ventricle

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13
Q

Where does the right side of the heart pump to?

A

The lungs

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14
Q

Where does the left side of the heart pump to?

A

Pumps arterial blood to systemic circulation

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15
Q

Blood enters the right atrium via…

A

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus (great cardiac vein)

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16
Q

What are erythrocytes and their characteristics

A

Red blood cells
Disk shaped
Carry O2

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17
Q

What are leukocytes?

A

White blood cells

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18
Q

What are thrombocytes?

A

Platelets, essential for clotting

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19
Q

Arterial vessels carry blood…

A

Away from the heart

20
Q

Veins carry blood…

A

Towards the heart

21
Q

Arterial members in order

A

Arteries
Arterioles
Arterial capillaries

22
Q

Vein members in order

A

Veins
Venules
Venous capillaries

23
Q

Layers of blood vessels

A

Tunica intima- inner most (connective and elastic)
Tunica media- middle (smooth muscle, elastic, and collagen)
Tunica adventitious- outer most

24
Q

Left coronary artery originates from

A

The left side of the aorta

25
Q

Right coronary artery goes…

A

Around the posterior interventricular region and supplies a portion of the electrical system

26
Q

Posterior descending artery lies…

A

In posterior interventricular region

27
Q

Circumflex branch/artery is…

A

Part of the left coronary artery, extends around the posterior, supplies much of the posterior side

28
Q

Anterior descending artery

A

Major branch of the left coronary artery, supplies most of the anterior surface

29
Q

How long is the cardiac cycle?

A

8/10 of a second a single Hearst beat occurs

30
Q

Stroke volume is

A

Amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction

31
Q

How to find cardiac output

A

CO=stroke volume X heart rate

32
Q

What is preload?

A

Pressure within ventricles at the end of diastole

33
Q

What is after load

A

Resistance against which the heart must pump

Affects stroke volume and cardiac output

34
Q

Frank-starling law (rubber band theory)

A

Greater the stretch the more forcefull the contraction

35
Q

Characteristics of cardiac cells

A

Automaticity

Excitability

Conductivity

Contractility

36
Q

Where is the location of cardiac cells with automaticity?

A

SA node, AV node, AV junction, bundle of his, purkinje fibers

37
Q

Electrolytes that affect function of cardiac cells

A

Potassium (K)
Sodium (Na)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Phosphorous (P)
Chloride (Cl)

38
Q

Cardiac cycle Phase 4

A

Phase 4-resting membrane potential
-cardiac cells are at rest and ions are not in motion. This phase is also called
-ready states
-resting state
-polarized state
-resting potential

39
Q

Cardiac cycle phase 0

A

Phase 0-
Cardiac depolarization= sodium ions are moved in and out the cardiac cell

40
Q

Cardiac cycle phase 1

A

Phase 1-
This phase occurs when sodium channels close
This phase is also called the recovery state

41
Q

Cardiac cycle Phase 2

A

Calcium ions continues to move slowly into the cell
Potassium ions continue to move out of the cell

42
Q

Cardiac cycle phase 3

A

-Sodium ions move rapidly out of the cell
-Potassium ions move rapidly into the cell
-Calcium ion channels close
-Phase ensures that cardiac muscle is completely relaxed before another depolarization occurs
-Phase is also called the recovery state

43
Q

Absolute refractory period

A

Phase 0, 1 and 2
Absolutely nothing we can do to stimulate the cells because they’re under threshold

44
Q

Relative refractory period

A

Phase 3
-Cardiac cell can receive an electrical stimulus earlier than normal (if stimulus is strong enough) to cause depolarization
-This is also called the vulnerable period

45
Q

Intrinsic rate of SA node

A

60-100

46
Q

Intrinsic rate of AV junction

A

40-60

47
Q

Intrinsic rate of Purkinje fibers

A

20-40

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