Cardiac & Pulmonary Disease Flashcards
What’s ischemic heart disease?
Ischemia occurs when part of the heart is temporarily deprived of oxygen. Most common cause is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).
What is coronary artery disease (CAD)?
Coronary artery disease develops when your coronary arteries — the major blood vessels that supply your heart with blood, oxygen and nutrients — become damaged or diseased. Cholesterol-containing deposits (plaque) in your arteries and inflammation are usually to blame for coronary artery disease.
What’s atherosclerosis?
Narrowing of artery due to build up of plaque
What’s angina?
Type of chest pain with eating, exercise, exertion, or exposure to cold. Common cause is partial blockage of coronary artery.
What is myocardial infarction (MI)?
AKA Heart attack. When blood flow to the heart is blocked & starved of oxygen, muscle tissue begins to die. If a substantial section of the heart is damaged, it will stop pumping (cardiac arrest)
What are precautions for MI? (3)
- First 6 weeks, restriction on activity to prevent further damage.
- Maintain delicate balance of rest & activity to maintain strength yet let the muscle tissue heal
- Pt needs to recognize signs of fatigue, determine when rest breaks are needed, & choose activities that can be performed safely
What is congestive heart failure (CHF)?
When the heart becomes progressively weak, it is unable to pump effectively enough to meet the demand & fluid backs up into the lungs or body. This is NO CURE, but with diet (low-sodium, meds, & rest) ppl. can live longer & participate more fully in life
Medical mgmt of MI
- Intensive care unit - 2-3 days
- Monitored hospital bed - 4-6 days
- Vital signs are closely monitored, as well as risk for arrhythmia, heart failure, blood clots, aneurysms, rupture of heart muscle, inflammation of sac around heart (pericarditis), & potential death
What does PTCA stand for?
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (aka balloon angioplasty)
What does CABG stand for?
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Precautions post CABG? Duration?
8 weeks
- Avoid Valsalva maneuvers (straining for BM)
- Avoid rapid mvmt of UE
- Adhere to 10lb weight lifting limit
- Wearing compressive hose
- Refrain from driving
- Traveling in a car w/o an airbag
Cardiac Rehabilitation: Phase 1 (4)
Inpatient cardiac rehab (1-3 days post MI)
Includes:
1. monitored low-level physical activity (e.g. self-care)
2. reinforcement of post cardiac & post-surgical precautions
3. instruction in energy conversation & graded activity
4. establishment of guidelines for appropriate activity levels at d/c.
Cardiac Rehabilitation: Phase 2 (1)
Outpatient cardiac rehab
begins at d/c
1. excercise advances while pt is closely monitored on outpatient basis
Cardiac Rehabilitation: Phase 3 (1)
Community-based exercise program
How to find someone’s heart rate (HR)
Palpate the radial, brachial, or carotid site. Count # beats in 10 seconds & multiply by 6.
Irregularities should be reported to physician. If irregularity is present, take HR for 60s.
