cardiac pathology Flashcards
what is the most common disease to kill Americans
CAD= Coronary Artery Disease
what is the percent of American that Die from CAD
18.2 million Americans
what is the main issue with diagnosis and treatment of CAD
it is under diagnosed and undertreated
what are non modifiable risk factors of CAD
race + equality
age
gender
genetic factors
what are the modifiable risk factors for CAD
smoking, DM, physical inactivity, Obesity, Increased BP and high cholesterol
what is athlerosclerosis
disease of the lipid filled plaques affecting moderate and large arteries
what pathophysiology wise occurs in atherosclerosis
there is a thinking and narrowing of the intimal layer of blood vessels due to accumulation od lipids, platelets, monocytes, plaque and vessel debris
risk factors for atherosclerosis
age: women over 55 and men over 45
race: African American
family history: cardiac disease in 1st degree relative.
gender: men> women only in premenopausal ages and the risk equalizes after menopause
what are the goals to reduce risk of atherosclerosis
cholesterol:
total <200 mg/DL
LDL:
<160 for low risk of CD
<100 for high risk
HDL:
>40 men
<50 women
triglycerides: <150 mg/DL
Diabetes HG A1C <7%
diet: low fallow salt diet w/ balanced veggies fruit, grains, and meats
hypertension: normal bp of 120/80 mmhg
obesity
waist circumference
physical inability
tabacco
CAD coronary artery disease
atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
arteries that supply the cardiac muscles only
CAD will lead to what in the ventricles
left and right ventricle dysfunction myocardial tissue injury due to ischemia
CAD and Arthrosclerosis lead to what
ischemia myocardial infections leading to scarring and decreased contractibility
what are the clinical manifestations of CAD?
angina
hypoxemia and ischemia
atherosclerosis
what is the most common cause of CHF?
atherosclerosis
intreated will lead to myocardial infraction or myocardial ischemia
CAD occurs due to a
imbalance of myocardial oxygen supply and demand ischemic pain and againa
