Cardiac Pathologies: -itises

Question 1

What specific parts of the examination are specific to the cardiopulmonary system?

Answer 1

History:
1) chest pain, SOB, palpitations
2) fatigue
3) syncope and dizziness
4) risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Chart review:
1) lab values, arterial blood gas (ABGs)
2) medications

Question 2

what other factors do you need to consider for cardiopulmonary disease in the examination?

Answer 2

• general observation: posture, breathing mechanics, cough ability
• skin: blueish hue; increased pallor; pale, washed out look; diaphoresis
• pulses: rhythm and quality
• vitals
• heart and lung sounds
• chest wall motion and palpation
• rhythm - EKG
• circulation and lymphatic system (including peripheral vascular system)

Question 3

define pericarditis

Answer 3

• inflammation of pericardium (usually serous pericardium) or pericardial fluid
• mostly caused by viral infection
• can also be caused by other infections, systemic disease and trauma
• may not present with any signs or symptoms

Question 4

acute pericarditis

Answer 4

• retrosternal chest pain –> sharp, stabbing, behind breastbone on left side of chest OR dull and achy; may radiate to the back to the left midtrap area
• intensifies with cough, deep breathing or in supine
• relieved with sitting up and leaning forward
• dyspnea, cough, hoarseness
• general malaise and fever
• EKG abnormalities not common