Cardiac masses, afib, pulm disease Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

tumor originating from right atrium

A

angiosarcoma

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3
Q

Least likely place for myxoma

A

valvular origins

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4
Q

most common malignant tumor of heart

A

metastatic is most common
(angiosarcoma most common of sarcomas)

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5
Q

greatest propensity for metastasis to heart

A

melanoma (50% chance)

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6
Q

benign primary tumors

A

more common than malignant
myxomas
lipomas
papillary fibroelastomas

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7
Q

myxomas

A

most common benign primary tumor
typically middle aged adults women >men
majority are in LA
mobile ,irregular and pedunculated, often attached to fossa ovalis
usually do not recur

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8
Q

lipomas

A

anywhere in heart but more common in subpericardial/extramyocardial
Lipomatous hypertrophy most commonly of interatrial septum (watersons groove/superior interatrial groove accumulation of fat)

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9
Q

fibroelastomas

A

Usually on ventricular side of MV and aortic side of AV
appears like vegetation or lambls excresence
well demarcated, can have mobile stalk, usually less than 2 cm
can embolize causing stroke/MI

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10
Q

primary Malignant tumors

A

sarcomas
lymphomas

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11
Q

Types of sarcoma

A

angiosarcomas - more common, middle age men, predilection for RA, poorly defined borders
rhabdomyosarcoma- more common in kids, usually in ventricular wall

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12
Q

Secondary cardiac tumors

A

Much more common than primary tumors
Most often from lung, breast, melanoma, leukemia/lymphoma
often involve pericardium
Pericardial effusion most common finding in metastatic disease

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13
Q

Mass in IVC

A

often RCC, growing into RA

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14
Q

malignant melanoma

A

uncommon but seen on pericardial surface (charcoal heart)

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15
Q

what is v wave cutoff

A

early peak velocity and steep decline seen on CWD of insufficient jet (Severe TR) rather than parabolic shape

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16
Q

carcinoid heart disease

A

seretonin destroys right side valves most commonly
generally happens in hepatic metastasis disease
leaflets appear thickened (funnel shaped) retracted and immobile
transpulmonary gradient >10 mm Hg indication for surgery
replacement of valves recommended

17
Q

Ebsteins anomaly

A

large anterior sail like leaflet with apically displaced septal leaflet (>8mm/m2)
Associated with secundum ASD and WPW, severe TR, LV non-compaction

18
Q

cor triatriatum dexter

A

less common than left sided sinister
from failure of resorption of common pulmonary veins
Important to distinguish between eustachian valve (big gap = valve)

19
Q

psuedotumors

A

pectinate muscles
christa terminalis
LAA can have up to 4 lobes, 2 lobes most common

20
Q

How long can stroke risk be elevated in patient with SEC in LAA after cardioversion

A

up to 10 days due to atrial stunning and low flow in LAA

21
Q

left atrial appendage membrane

A

extension of coumadin ridge that drapes over appendage
may be congenital

22
Q

LV thrombus

A

Occur in all regions of abnormal wall motion, but most commonly in apex. TTE > TEE, and associated with dilated ventricle.

23
Q

Independent predictors of SEC in afib

A

LA enlargement
reduced LAA flow
LV dysfucntion
higher Fibrinogen and hematocrit

24
Q

What is virchows triad

A

stasis, endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulable state

25
Q

Thrombus appearance

A

serpentine, irregular, mobile
can appear without obvious attachment

mural thrombus - laminated, immobile

26
Q

Chiari network

A

filamentous/ net like strands attached to eustachian valve.
Can play role in thromboembolic events / arrhythmia.
Associated with aneurysmal interatrial septum and PFO

27
Q

what is septomarginal trabeculae

A

the moderator band
carries part of R side bundle conduction (av bundle to anterior papillary muscle)

28
Q

where can false tendons be found

A

LV ( known as LV band)
normal findings, can produce innocent murmur and lv dysfunction

29
Q

anatomic variants in RA

A

eustachian valve
crista terminalis
thebesian valve
chiari network
persistent L SVC (dilated CS)
PFO
Atrial septal aneurysm ( >1.5cm)
Lipomatous hypertrophy of IAS
Pectinate muscles
RAA

30
Q

anatomic variants in RV

A

trabeculations
moderator band

31
Q

Anatomic variants in LA

A

LAA variants
coumadin ridge
cor triatriatum
Pulmonary veins

32
Q

Anatomic variants in LV

A

LV band- false tendon
Papillary muscles

33
Q

Other anatomical variants

A

Transverse sinus
lambls excresences
catheters and cannulas
masses/tumors

34
Q

crista terminalis

A

landmark used to identify sinus venosus vs ostium secundum ASD
Site thought to be responsible for atrial tachyarrhythmias

35
Q

Differentiating RUPV and RLPV on echo

A

RLPV is closer to probe, more horizontal
RUPV is further from probe, angled toward probe, closer to SVC

36
Q

differentiating LUPV and LLPV on echo

A

LUPV next to coumadin ridge and LAA, angled up to probe
LLPV more horizonal , closer to probe and further to left.

37
Q

Physiologic determinants of pulmonary venous waves

A

A: LA contractility and LV stiffness
S1: LA relaxation
S2: RV stroke volume, LA compliance, LV contractility
D: LV relaxation, LV compliance