Cardiac - Iggy Flashcards
sinus bradycardia
- causes
carotid sinus massage vomiting suctioning bearing down for bowel movement gaging ocular pressure pain hypoxia well conditioned athletes inferior wall MI beta blockers calcium channel blockers digitalis
supraventricular tachycardia
- what is it
atrial dysrhythmia
rapid stimulation of atrial tissue at a rate of 100-180
P waves may not be visible
SVT may occur in healthy people, especially women
supraventricular tachycardia
- treatment
catheter ablation
- propranolol (Inderal)
- amiodarone (Cordarone)
- verapamil (Calan)
- dilatizem (Cardizem
- digoxin (Lanoxin)
- adenosine
Arial fibrillation
- what is it
- most common dysrhythmia seen in clinical practice
- associated with atrial fibrosis and loss of music mass
- cardiac output decreases as it progresses
- rate of 350-600 from atria
- rate of 120-200 is ventricle response
- no clear P waves
- no atrial contraction
- atria are quivering
- blood pools
Atrial fibrillation
- risk factors
HTN previous ischemic stroke TIA coronary heart disease DM HF mitral valve disease advancing age obesity caucasian race excessive alcohol
Atrial fibrillation
- medications, treatments used
amiodarone adenosine verapamil diltiazem digoxin lidocaine epinephrine metoprolol
heparin lovenox warfarin aspirin plavix
cardioversion
catheter ablation
Premature ventricular complex
- also called premature ventricular contractions
- result from increased irritability of ventricular cells
- common, frequency increases with age
- peripheral pulses may be diminished or absent d/t decreased stroke volume decreases peripheral perfusion
PVCs
treatment
- if no underlying heart disease, not usually treated
- eliminate contributing causes ( caffeine, stress)
- oxygen
- amiodarone
- propranolol (Inderal)
- lidocaine
ventricular tachycardia
- what is it
- medications used
- rate of 140-180
- in pt who go into cardiac arrest, VT is commonly initial rhythm before going into VF
- caridoversion is highly recommended for stable VT
- amiodarone
- lidocaine
- magnesium sulfate
- adenosine
- epinephrine
V fib
- what is it
- electrical chaos in ventricles
- life threatening
- no recognizable ECG deflections
- ventricles are quivering
- no cardiac output and no tissue perfusion
- no BP or pulse present
- fatal if not ended thing 3-5 minutes
V fib
- emergency care
- the priority is to defibrillate pt immediately
- if defibrillator is not available, CPR started until defibrillator arrives
- oxygen
- vasopressin, epinephrine, amiodarone, lidocaine, magnesium sulfate
ventricular asystole
- complete absence of any ventricular rhythm
- no electrical impulses, no QRS, no contraction, no cardiac output
- pt is in full cardiac arrest
- results from myocardial hypoxia
systole
- emergency care
- call for assistance
- stat CPR
- manage airway and administer O2
- epinephrine
- atropine
-do NOT shock asystole
(prognosis is poor)
first degree heart block
also called AV block
- electrical impulses are slowed
- all sinus impulses eventually reach the ventricles
- rhythm remains regular
- rarely cause symptoms or problems
- PRI greater than 0.20
(marital problems start)
second degree heart block
aka Mobitz Type 1 second degree AV block or Wenckebach AV block
- lengthening of PRI until one P wave is not conducted
- some sinus impulses reach the ventricles but others do not because they are blocked
- impulses are delayed further and further with each heartbeat until beat is skipped
- pacemaker can be implanted
(separation of the couple begins)
