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Congenital Defects & Pediatrics > Cardiac Embryology (Part 2): Topic 6 > Flashcards

Cardiac Embryology (Part 2): Topic 6 Flashcards

1
Q

When does heart folding occur?

A

Day 23-28

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2
Q

Heart undergoes a series of folding that leads to the formation of what?

A

Bulboventricular loop

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3
Q

Heart Tube grows rapidly in length, especially what section?

A

The midsection (Bulbus Cordis and Ventricle)

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4
Q

Because the two ends of the heart tube ends are fixed, the heart tube is forced to do what?

A

Bend in order to adapt itself into the pericardial space; forms a U-shape, then forms an S-shape.

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5
Q

How is the heart tube oriented when it is bending?

A

Oriented so that the atrium and sinus venosus lie superior to the bulbus cordis, ventricle and dorsal aorta/aortic sac

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6
Q

Heart Folding: Atria initially paired- forms what?

A

Common atrium

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7
Q

Heart Folding: Atrioventricular junction remains narrow. Forms what?

A

AV Canal; connects common atrium and ventricle

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8
Q

Bulbus Cordis is narrow, expect what? What will this form?

A

Proximal 1/3; will form trabeculated part of the RV

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9
Q

Heart Folding: Junction between the ventricle and the bulbus cordis externally is what?

A

Bulboventricular sulcus; remains narrow and is called the primary interventricular foramen

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10
Q

Atrial portions of the Heart Tube dilate and form what?

A

Common atrium

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11
Q

Atrium “climbs up” what? What does it take with it?

A

The dorsal pericardial wall; takes atrioventricular junction with it

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12
Q

Atrioventricular junction remains narrow and is now called what? Forms the communication between what?

A

AV Canal; forms the communication between the atrium and the primitive ventricle

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13
Q

What is the junction of the ventricle and bulbus cordis called?

A

Intraventricular foramen

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14
Q

What two areas does the diverticular appear at Day 24?

A
  1. Along the front of the endocardial tube

2. Just proximally and distal to the primary interventricular foramen

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15
Q

Early embryonic ventricle is what?

A

The primitive LV

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16
Q

Proximal 1/3 of the bulbus cordis is what?

A

The primitive RV

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17
Q

What gives the densely trabeculated appearance?

A

The diverticula

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18
Q

The trabeculae inside the heart leads to what?

A

Valves, chordae tendinae, papillary muscles, and atrioventricular valves

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19
Q

Abnormalities in Cardiac looping is responsible for which cardiac defects?

A

Ventricular inversion (corrected transposition)
Juxtaposition of the atrial appendages
Double outlet right ventricle

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20
Q

BC

A

Bulbus cordis (RV)

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21
Q

AS

A

Aortic sac

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22
Q

TA

A

Truncus arteriosus

23
Q

CC

A

conus cordis

24
Q

SV

A

sinus venosus

25
As the primitive atria grow, the truncus arteriosus is positioned in what depression?
A depression between the roof of the right and left primitive atria
26
During atrial septation, the left atrium begins to form what?
Sprouts of the pulmonary veins that grow towards the lungs
27
What day does cardiac septation?
Starts at Day 27
28
How long does cardiac septation last?
Lasts 10 days (Day 27-day 37)
29
During septation, the embryo grows how much?
5mm to 16-17mm
30
Describe the changes in external appearance during the formation of the cardiac septa.
None
31
What is the name of the narrow channel that connects the primitive right and left ventricles at day 27?
Interventricular Formaen
32
How does blood reach the primitive LV ?
Via small opening from the primitive atria (AV canal)
33
During ventricular development, what 2 important processes occur simultaneously that result in the "chamberization" of the ventricles?
1. Division of the AV canal into a right and left av orifice vai the endocardial chusions 2. ventricular septations
34
Where do endocardial cushions develop?
Develop in the atrioventricular and conotruncal regions
35
Endocardial cushions assist in the formation of what?
The atrial and ventricular (membranous septa), AV Canals, Valves, Aortic and pulmonary channels
36
At the end of week 4, atrioventricular endocardial cushions appear where?
At the AV Canal; 2 lateral AV cushions appear on the right and left side of the canal
37
When is the complete division of the canal into the right and left AV orifices final?
At the end of week 5
38
What is the role of the endocardial cushion? What eventually occupies the resulting canals?
1. Form a barrier between the atria and ventricles 2. Right-left division of the canal The resulting canals are eventually occupied by the mitral and tricuspid valves
39
When does ventricular septation occur?
At the end of Week 4
40
The ventricular septum is formed by what?
The outgrowth of the muscular ridge at the interventricular foramen; 2 primitive ventricles expand; medial wallas become apposed and merge
41
How does the ventricular septum grow?
Upward from the apex of the heart to the base of the heart
42
What is the space above the membranous septum called?
Interventricular foramen
43
When does the interventricular foramen shrink?
When the conus septum is complete
44
What closes the foramen during ventricular septation?
Outgrowth of tissue form the endocardial cushion along the top of the muscular interventricular septum closes the foramen; fuses with the abutting part of the conus septum
45
At what day do the paired atria fuse together to form a common atrium
AT day 27-28
46
Atrial septation occurs simultaneously and in cooperation with what?
Ventricular septation
47
Atrial septation lasts how many days?
Approx 10 days
48
What is the first portion of the septum primum?
Sickle-shaped crest grows from the roof of the common atrium
49
What is the ostium primum?
Formed by the opening between the lower rim of the septum primum and the endocardial cushions
50
what forms the ostium secundum?
Apoptosis (cell death) makes perforations in the upper part of the septum primum
51
When do opposing ridges appear in the truncus?
By the 5th week
52
What divides the truncus into aortic and pulmonary channels?
Aorticopulmonary septum
53
Semilunar Valaves
Small tubercles found on main truncus swellings; tubercles hollow out on the upper surface
54
At what day are the valves fully developed?
Day 55

Congenital Defects & Pediatrics (17 decks)

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