Cardiac embryology

Question 0

How many hrs for a 2 cell stage cell to form?

Answer 0

30 hrs post fertilization

Question 1

Sperm + oocyte =

Answer 1

Zygote (cell division)

Question 2

How many hrs for a 4 stage cell to form?

Answer 2

40hrs post fertilization

Question 3

How many hrs for a 12-16 cell stage to form?

Answer 3

72 hrs or 3 days post fertilization

Question 4

Series of mitosis division in which cells increase in number and become smaller with each division is called what?

Answer 4

Blastomeres

Question 5

Cells are loosely arranged until what cell stage?

Answer 5

8 cell stage

Question 6

After the 3 rd cleavage, cells have maximized contact with each other and what occurs?

Answer 6

Compaction

Question 7

Cells in compaction separate into what type of cells?

Answer 7

Inner and outer cells

Question 8

16 stage cells is called what?

Answer 8

Morula

Question 9

Inner cells =

Answer 9

Inner cell mass ( which will become the embryo)

Question 10

Outer cell =

Answer 10

Outer cell mass (which become trophoblast which will become the placenta)

Question 11

When the morula makes its way through the uterus and enlarges it become what?

Answer 11

Blastocyst (4 1/2 to 5 days post fertilization)

Question 12

Fertilization occurs in what region of the Fallopian tube?

Answer 12

Ampullary region

Question 13

When the morula enters the uterine cavity, fluid penetrates into the intercellular spaces of the inner cell mass and the spaces become now a single cavity called?

Answer 13

Blastocele

Question 14

A blastocyst is comprised of?

Answer 14

1) Trophoblast 2) Blastocele and 3) embryoblast

Question 15

What is the trophoblast?

Answer 15

Made of cells from outer mass cells. Cells flatten and form epithelial wall of blastocyst

Question 16

Blastocele

Answer 16

Internal fluid filled space

Question 17

Embryoblast

Answer 17

Inner cell mass. Located at one pole

Question 18

Implantation occurs at around what day?

Answer 18

6th day after fertilization

Question 19

At day 8, blastocyst is partially embedded and trophoblast differentiate into two layers?

Answer 19

syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts

Question 20

Chorion

Answer 20

One of the fetal membranes (syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts make part of chorion)

Question 21

Syncytiotrophoblasts

Answer 21

Multinucleated. Outer zone. No cell boundaries. Closer to endometrial than cytotrophoblasts.

Question 22

Cytotrophoblasts

Answer 22

Mononucleated cells. Inner layer. Distinct cells

Question 23

Inner cell mass (embryoblast) differentiates into?

Answer 23

Hypoblast and epiblast layers. endoderm and ectoderm respectively.

Question 24

hypoblast layer?

Answer 24

Aka endoderm. Layer of small cuboidal cells adjacent to the blastocyst cavity

Question 25

Epiblast layer?

Answer 25

Aka ectoderm. Layer of high columnar cells adjacent to the amniotic cavity

Question 26

Day 11-12, syncytiotrophoblasts cells penetrate deep into endothelial lining of maternal capillaries. Capillaries are congested and dilated and are called?

Answer 26

Sinusoids

Question 27

Sinusoids cause blood flow to trophoblastic system.

Answer 27

This is the beginning of uteroplacental circulation.

Question 28

Cytotrophoblasts proliferate to form?

Answer 28

Amnion and amniotic cavity

Question 29

Amnion

Answer 29

Thin protective membrane that surrounds the developing embryo

Question 30

Amniotic cavity

Answer 30

Empty space which will eventually be filled with fluid

Question 31

Gastrulation starts at what day?

Answer 31

8th day

Question 32

Epiblast is the source for what?

Answer 32

The germ layers

Question 33

Ectoderm

Answer 33

Skin, teeth, mouth glands, nervous system, some endocrine glands

Question 34

Mesoderm

Answer 34

All connective tissue, the muscular, skeletal, lymphatic and circulation.

Question 35

Endoderm

Answer 35

Epithelium of digestive tract, respiratory system, bladder, vagina and urethra

Question 36

Cardiovascular system appears in the middle of the 3rd week

Answer 36

At this point embryo is not able to survive through diffusion. Vascular system develops from simple plexus and then into a complex vein and artery system. Size of embryo heart is enormous compared to embryo body's vs adult heart and adult body

Question 37

Day 16-18 progenitor heart cells lie in the epiblast.

Answer 37

Form a horse shoe cluster of cells called the primitive heart field.

Question 38

Primitive heart field

Answer 38

Specified on both sides to become the atria, left and right ventricles, conus cordis and truncus arteriosus

Question 39

Conus cordis and truncus arteriosus come from what field?

Answer 39

Secondary heart field and show up around day 20-21

Question 40

Intraembryonic celom (body cavity)

Answer 40

Eventually become the pericardial cavity.

Question 41

Angiogenic cells

Answer 41

Form blood islets

Question 42

Blood islets form plexus which eventually develop into bilateral endocardial tubes.

Answer 42

Endocardial tube unit to form common tube which forms the primitive heart tube.

Question 43

Day 21-22

Answer 43

The single heart tube begins to beat

Question 44

If lengthening of heart tube doesn't occur what defects develop?

Answer 44

DORT, VSD, TOF, PA AND PS

Question 45

Formation of heart tube is essential formation of the RV, the conus cordis and the truncus arteriosus.

Answer 45

Yes

Question 46

Heart tube day 23 heart tube begins to bend

Answer 46

Cephallic part bends ventrally, caudal and to the right. | caudal part bends dorsocrainally and to the left

Question 47

Dorsal aorta and aortic sac

Answer 47

Becomes the common outflow tract

Question 48

Bulbus cordis

Answer 48

Primitive right ventricle

Question 49

Primitive ventricle

Answer 49

Primitive left ventricle

Question 50

Atrioventricular sulcus

Answer 50

Divides atria from ventricle

Question 51

Paired primitive atria

Answer 51

Gives rise to common atria

Question 52

Sinus Venosus

Answer 52

Forms coronary sinus and oblique vein of the left atria