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Cardiac Embryology > Cardiac embryology > Flashcards

Cardiac embryology Flashcards

0
Q

How many hrs for a 2 cell stage cell to form?

A

30 hrs post fertilization

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1
Q

Sperm + oocyte =

A

Zygote (cell division)

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2
Q

How many hrs for a 4 stage cell to form?

A

40hrs post fertilization

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3
Q

How many hrs for a 12-16 cell stage to form?

A

72 hrs or 3 days post fertilization

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4
Q

Series of mitosis division in which cells increase in number and become smaller with each division is called what?

A

Blastomeres

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5
Q

Cells are loosely arranged until what cell stage?

A

8 cell stage

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6
Q

After the 3 rd cleavage, cells have maximized contact with each other and what occurs?

A

Compaction

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7
Q

Cells in compaction separate into what type of cells?

A

Inner and outer cells

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8
Q

16 stage cells is called what?

A

Morula

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9
Q

Inner cells =

A

Inner cell mass ( which will become the embryo)

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10
Q

Outer cell =

A

Outer cell mass (which become trophoblast which will become the placenta)

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11
Q

When the morula makes its way through the uterus and enlarges it become what?

A

Blastocyst (4 1/2 to 5 days post fertilization)

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12
Q

Fertilization occurs in what region of the Fallopian tube?

A

Ampullary region

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13
Q

When the morula enters the uterine cavity, fluid penetrates into the intercellular spaces of the inner cell mass and the spaces become now a single cavity called?

A

Blastocele

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14
Q

A blastocyst is comprised of?

A

1) Trophoblast 2) Blastocele and 3) embryoblast

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15
Q

What is the trophoblast?

A

Made of cells from outer mass cells. Cells flatten and form epithelial wall of blastocyst

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16
Q

Blastocele

A

Internal fluid filled space

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17
Q

Embryoblast

A

Inner cell mass. Located at one pole

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18
Q

Implantation occurs at around what day?

A

6th day after fertilization

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19
Q

At day 8, blastocyst is partially embedded and trophoblast differentiate into two layers?

A

syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts

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20
Q

Chorion

A

One of the fetal membranes (syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts make part of chorion)

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21
Q

Syncytiotrophoblasts

A

Multinucleated. Outer zone. No cell boundaries. Closer to endometrial than cytotrophoblasts.

22
Q

Cytotrophoblasts

A

Mononucleated cells. Inner layer. Distinct cells

23
Q

Inner cell mass (embryoblast) differentiates into?

A

Hypoblast and epiblast layers. endoderm and ectoderm respectively.

24
Q

hypoblast layer?

A

Aka endoderm. Layer of small cuboidal cells adjacent to the blastocyst cavity

25
Q

Epiblast layer?

A

Aka ectoderm. Layer of high columnar cells adjacent to the amniotic cavity

26
Q

Day 11-12, syncytiotrophoblasts cells penetrate deep into endothelial lining of maternal capillaries. Capillaries are congested and dilated and are called?

A

Sinusoids

27
Q

Sinusoids cause blood flow to trophoblastic system.

A

This is the beginning of uteroplacental circulation.

28
Q

Cytotrophoblasts proliferate to form?

A

Amnion and amniotic cavity

29
Q

Amnion

A

Thin protective membrane that surrounds the developing embryo

30
Q

Amniotic cavity

A

Empty space which will eventually be filled with fluid

31
Q

Gastrulation starts at what day?

A

8th day

32
Q

Epiblast is the source for what?

A

The germ layers

33
Q

Ectoderm

A

Skin, teeth, mouth glands, nervous system, some endocrine glands

34
Q

Mesoderm

A

All connective tissue, the muscular, skeletal, lymphatic and circulation.

35
Q

Endoderm

A

Epithelium of digestive tract, respiratory system, bladder, vagina and urethra

36
Q

Cardiovascular system appears in the middle of the 3rd week

A

At this point embryo is not able to survive through diffusion. Vascular system develops from simple plexus and then into a complex vein and artery system. Size of embryo heart is enormous compared to embryo body’s vs adult heart and adult body

37
Q

Day 16-18 progenitor heart cells lie in the epiblast.

A

Form a horse shoe cluster of cells called the primitive heart field.

38
Q

Primitive heart field

A

Specified on both sides to become the atria, left and right ventricles, conus cordis and truncus arteriosus

39
Q

Conus cordis and truncus arteriosus come from what field?

A

Secondary heart field and show up around day 20-21

40
Q

Intraembryonic celom (body cavity)

A

Eventually become the pericardial cavity.

41
Q

Angiogenic cells

A

Form blood islets

42
Q

Blood islets form plexus which eventually develop into bilateral endocardial tubes.

A

Endocardial tube unit to form common tube which forms the primitive heart tube.

43
Q

Day 21-22

A

The single heart tube begins to beat

44
Q

If lengthening of heart tube doesn’t occur what defects develop?

A

DORT, VSD, TOF, PA AND PS

45
Q

Formation of heart tube is essential formation of the RV, the conus cordis and the truncus arteriosus.

A

Yes

46
Q

Heart tube day 23 heart tube begins to bend

A

Cephallic part bends ventrally, caudal and to the right.

caudal part bends dorsocrainally and to the left

47
Q

Dorsal aorta and aortic sac

A

Becomes the common outflow tract

48
Q

Bulbus cordis

A

Primitive right ventricle

49
Q

Primitive ventricle

A

Primitive left ventricle

50
Q

Atrioventricular sulcus

A

Divides atria from ventricle

51
Q

Paired primitive atria

A

Gives rise to common atria

52
Q

Sinus Venosus

A

Forms coronary sinus and oblique vein of the left atria

Cardiac Embryology (1 decks)

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