Cardiac Disease Flashcards
Name the Layers of the Heart Wall
Pericardium Pericardial Space Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium
Name 5 Acquired Heart Diseases
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Dilated Cardiomyopathy Pericarditis Endocarditis Endocardiosis
Name Congenital Heart Diseases
Patent Ductus Arteriosis Pulmonic/Aortic Stenosis Ventricular/Atrial Septal Defect Mitral/Tricuspid Dysplasia Tetralogy of Fallot
What is the Aetiology of
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Idiopathic or Inherited Genetic Defect
Predisposed in Boxers, Great Danes and Wolfhounds
More common in Males, and those over 6 YO
Can be Secondary to Parvo
Can be caused by veggie diet - Taurine Deficiency
What is the Pathophysiology of
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Heat becomes enlarged
The Ventricle muscle stretches and becomes thin
The myocardium becomes flaccid and weak
Usually affects the LEFT - Ventricle
the valves then stretch, become thin and break causing Regurgitation of blood between Atrium and Ventricle and atrial enlargement
Leads to Arrhythmia
Decreased Cardiac Output leads to Congestive Heart Failure
What are the clinical signs of
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
LEFT VENTRICLE
Coughing, Pulmonary Oedema
RIGHT VENTRICLE
Abdominal Ascites
Lethargy, Depression, Exercise Intolerance, Murmur, Pale MM
What is the treatment for
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
treatment of symptoms
Myocardial Stimulants to strengthen contractions
Diuretics to reduce fluid and decrease BP
Taurine supplement if dietary cause
What is the Aetiology for
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
(Feline HCM)
most common acquired cardiac disease in cats
Can be Idiopathic
Maine Coons are predisposed by a Genetic Defect
Secondary to Hyperthyroidism by increased levels of thyroxine causing increased HR and therefore
Hypertrophy
Secondary to Raised BP as more effort is required to circulate blood causing Hpertrophy
What is the Pathophysiology of
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Enlargement of Heart muscle
therefore Reduced Space in Ventricular Chambers
therefore Reduced Stroke Volume and CO
Backpressure of blood caused Atrial Enlargement as a compensatory mechanism
Heart Failure may only be seen in advanced stages esp. in cats.
What are the Clinical Signs of
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Heart Murmur
Lethargy, Depression, Anorexia
Aortic Thromboembolism - usually seen in hind limbs, caused by blood supply not reaching the hind limbs causing paralysis
What is the Treatment for
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
treatment of symptoms
Aspirin if Thromboembolism likely
if secondary to hyperthyroidism, treat this first
What is the Aetiology of
Endocardiosis
most common acquired cardiac disease in dogs
may be Hereditary but generally Idiopathic
tends to affect small breeds, and is rare in cats
What is the Pathophysiology or
Endocardiosis
Progressive Degeneration of the AV Valves
valve tissue tries to repair, but becomes thickened
lesions develop from scar tissue
therefore valves cannot close properly
causing regurgitation of blood into atria
leads to Cardiac Enlargement and Output Failure
What are the Clinical Signs of
Endocardiosis
Heart Murmur Orthopnoea - cough in morning and night Exercise Intolerance Lethargy, Depression, Anorexia Dyspnoea and Ascites depending on severity
What is the treatment for
Endocardiosis
treatment is symptomatic
