cardiac diagnostics

Question 1

CAD

Question 2

• indirectly measures cardiac electrical events
• can be subjective
• most helpful in acute setting

Question 3

creatine kinase

Answer 3

• isoenzyme distributed in anumber of tissues
• not cardiac specific
• used to detect

Question 4

CK-MB

Answer 4

• primary source is myocardium

Question 5

troponin

Question 6

differentiate between Troponin T and I

Answer 6

• T: larger
• I: smaller

Question 7

telemetry

Question 8

exercise ECG stress test

Question 9

Nuclear medicine imaging

Question 10

common radioactive element used in nuclear medicine imaging

Question 11

what test is commonly preformed for pre-op or with prior non-diagnostic ECG stress test?

Answer 11

stress echocardiogram

Question 12

stress echocardiogram

Question 13

US directed at heart to create images of cardiac anatomy

Question 14

indications for transthoracic echo

Question 15

small US probe placed on a endoscope device down esophagus behind heart

Question 16

transesophageal echo can detect what conditions

Question 17

what is the gold standard for diagnosing CAD

Question 18

cardiac catheterization/angiogram

Question 19

holter monitor

Question 20

event “loop” recorder

Question 21

list risk factors for CAD

Answer 21

• age
• gender
• HTN
• hyperlipidemia
• DM
• tobacco use
• family history

Question 22

onset of CK, CK-MB, and troponin?

Answer 22

3-12 hrs

Question 23

duration of CK, CK-MB

Question 24

duration of elevated troponin

Answer 24

less than or equal to 10 days

Question 25

name the three stress tests

Answer 25

• exercise ECG stress test
• Nuclear medicine imaging
• stress echocardiogram

Question 26

disadvantages of exercise ECG stress test

Answer 26

• required capable patient
• does not localize ischemia
• does not evaluate LV function

Question 27

indications of cardiac catherization/angiogram

Answer 27

1. known, suspected CAD
   
   1. unstable angina
   2. h/o MI with ECG changes
   3. post resuscitation from cardiac arrest
2. atypical chest pain
   
   1. when non-invasive stress test reveals high risk of CAD
3. before valve surgery in patient with chest pain or ECG changes

Question 28

percutaneous coronary intervention

Answer 28

balloon angioplasty

Question 29

implantable loop recorder

Answer 29

• subcutaneous monitoring device
• device automatically activated according to programmed criteria
• useful in patients with infrequent symptoms

Question 30

major applications of CT use in heart

Answer 30

• detection aortic dissection
• detection of coronary artery calcium deposition as an indicator for atherosclerosis