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Module 1 CHD > Cardiac Development > Flashcards

Cardiac Development Flashcards

1
Q

Sections of mesoderm (medial to lateral)

A

Chordomesoderm

Paraxial mesoderm

Intermedial mesoderm

Lateral plate mesoderm

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2
Q

Lateral plate mesoderm

A
  • Anterior region forms the heart
  • Posterior region forms blood
  • Lateral/ventral forms myocardium
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3
Q

Foregut

A

Foregut endoderm is beneath and signals to induce cardiac mesoderm

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4
Q

Cardiac Crescent

A
  • First morphologically identifiable cardiac structure

- Transforms to linear heart tube

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5
Q

Folding (22d)

A
  • Tubular structure formed of endocardium and myocardium
  • Myocardium and foregut are connected by dorsal mesocardium
  • Connection is lost by apoptosis and only VA poles stay connected
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6
Q

Looping

23-4d

A
  • V pole move anteriorly to meet A pole
  • IFT and OFT fuse
  • Chambers begin to form
  • Valve precursors allow unidirectional flow
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7
Q

Septation (35d)

A
  • Two layers of myocardium:
    Trabecular (primitive)
    Compact (more advanced)
  • Right and left side are separated
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8
Q

Gastrulation

A
  • Epiblasts migrate inside from the primitive streak through a slit-like structure following nodal signals
  • FGF8 repels them, FGF4 attracts them
  • They can become mesoderm or endoderm
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9
Q

Tinman/Nkx2.5

A
  • Induced by BMP2
  • TF that induces expression of genes in early heart field cells
  • Expressed throughout entire mesoderm initially
  • As mesoderm moves dorsally, expression is stronger at one pole
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10
Q

Foregut-derived inducers

A
  • BMPs
  • FGFs
  • Shh
  • Crescent
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11
Q

Ectoderm and notochord

A
  • Release antagonists to prevent heart formation in other regions
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12
Q

The Second Heart Field

A
  • Cells must migrate in to help the heart grow as FHF-derived cells do not proliferate much
  • Precursors of RV and common OFT migrate
  • RV entirely derived from SHF cells instructed by dHAND/Hand2
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13
Q

Define the First Heart Field

Expression

A
  • The first wave of mesodermal cells that differentiate to form the initial heart tube. Origin of the LV.
  • Express muscle-specific proteins (MLC2A/3F)
  • First group to down-regulate Isl1
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14
Q

Define the Second Heart Field

A
  • Progenitors added to the formed heart tube at the A or V pole
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15
Q

Define the Anterior Heart Field

Expression

A
  • A region derived of the SHF restricted to the RV and OFT myocardium progenitors
  • FGF10-LacZ
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Module 1 CHD (6 decks)

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