Cardiac Cycle

Question 1

name the 4 heart valves

Answer 1

Right AV tricuspid valve
Left AV mitral valve
Aortic Valve
Pulmonary valve

Question 2

there is sound made when the heart valves are open - True or False

Answer 2

False

Question 3

what triggers the cardiac cycle

Answer 3

orderly depolarisation

Question 4

what is the cardiac cycle

Answer 4

ALL events that occur from beginning of 1 heart beat to the beginning of the next

Question 5

what is longer diastole or systole

Answer 5

diastole

Question 6

define diastole

Answer 6

heart ventricles are relaxed and fill with blood

Question 7

define systole

Answer 7

heart ventricles contract and pump blood inot the aorta (LV) and pulmonary artery (RV)

Question 8

5 order of events in the cardiac cycle

Answer 8

1. passive filling
2. atrial contraction
3. Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
4. Ventricular ejection
5. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Question 9

what is the pressure in the atria and ventricles during passive filling

Answer 9

0

Question 10

what happens during passive filling

Answer 10

AV valve opens allowing venous return flow into ventricles

Question 11

what is the aortic pressure and state of the aorta during passive filling

Answer 11

pressure = 80 mmHg

aortic valve is closed

Question 12

how full are the ventricles after passive filling

Answer 12

80%

Question 13

during passive filling is pressure in the right ventricles and pulmonary artery high or low

Answer 13

LOW

lower than left

Question 14

what happens during atrial contraction

Answer 14

20% of ventricular filling

atria contracts between P wave and QRS complex

Question 15

what is competed after atria contraction

Answer 15

End diastolic volume (130 ml at rest)

Question 16

what happens during the isovolumetric ventricular contraction

Answer 16

ventricular pressure rises
when pressure exceeds atrial pressure AV valve shuts
aortic valve is shut so pressure and tension rise

Question 17

at what stage is the first heart sound heard - LUBB

Answer 17

isovolumetric ventricular contraction when AV valve (tricuspid and mitral) closes
beginning of systole

Question 18

when does ventricular ejection occur

Answer 18

when ventricular pressure exceeds aortic/pulmonary artery pressure
SV leaves end systolic volume
aortic pressure rises

Question 19

when is the second heart sound heart - DUBB

Answer 19

when pressure in ventricles s less than aortic/pulmoanry artery pressure and the aortic/pulmonary valves close

Question 20

where can valve vibration be seen

Answer 20

diortic notch in aortic pressure curve

Question 21

what is isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Answer 21

closure of aortic/pulmonary artery valves = begins relaxation
ventricles = closed box
tension falls around closed volume

Question 22

when does the AV valves open

Answer 22

when ventricular pressure falls below atrial pressure

Question 23

where can the mitral valve be auscultated

Answer 23

mid clavicular line
5th intercostal space
apex of lung

Question 24

where can the tricuspid valve be auscultated

Answer 24

left border of sternum

4th intercostal space

Question 25

where can the pulmonary area be aucultated

Answer 25

2nd intercostal space

left border of sternum

Question 26

how do you check for heaves in examination

Answer 26

place hand vertically over pulmonary area

Question 27

how can the aortic valve be auscultated

Answer 27

right side of sternum border

2nd rib space

Question 28

why does arterial pressure not fall to zero in diastole

Answer 28

due to elastic properties

maintained at 80 mmHg in diastole

Question 29

what is Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP)

Answer 29

occurs after right atrial pressure waves (indirect measure of central venous pressure)

Question 30

what would a raised JVP suggest

Answer 30

right heart failure