Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

8 month old

Rapid and labored breathing (O2 hungry)
Fatigue on feeding (weakness)
Slow weight gain

Cyanotic, palpable thrill (systolic murmur) over left lower sternal border

Mother’s history = rubella infection during pregnancy !

A

Diagnosis = congenital defect/valvular heart disease

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2
Q

One cardiac cycle

A

Systole —> next systole

About 0.8 seconds

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3
Q

3 stages of ventricular systole

A
  1. Isovolumetric contraction - volume doesn’t change
  2. Rapid ejection
  3. Reduced ejection
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4
Q

Ventricular diastole

A

2/3 of the cardiac cycle

  1. Isovolumetric relaxation
  2. Rapid filling
  3. Reduced filling
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5
Q

Function of the heart diaphragm

A

Changes the pressure in the ventricles..to allow filling or ejection

Pulling out diaphragm = larger volumer —> filling…aortic/pulm valves close and tricupsid and mitral open

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6
Q

Isovolumetric contraction (systole)

A

All 4 valves are closed

Ventricles are contracting

Pressure is super high…right before pushes open aortic/pulm valves

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7
Q

Isovolumetric relaxation

A

Pressure falls as blood flows out of ventricles…and its not good enough to keep outflow valves open

All 4 valves become closed

AV valves open since ventricular pressure is so low

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8
Q

Increased afterload =

A

Aortic valve opens later

EDV doesnt change

But ESV is increased…therefore SV decreases

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9
Q

Increased preload

A

EDV increases

SV volume increases as a result

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10
Q

Increased contractility

A

Lowers ESV

Therefore increases SV

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11
Q

1st heart sound

A

Loudest and longest

During isovolumetric contraction phase

Caused by:

Oscillation of blood in ventricular chambers

Vibration of chamber wall during contraction

Closing of mitral and tricupsid valves

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12
Q

2nd heart sound

A

Short and low intensity

Happens during the isovolumetric relaxation phase

Closure of aortic/pulm valves

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13
Q

3rd heart sound

A

Usually not audible

Caused by vibration of the ventricular wall during ventricular rapid filling

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14
Q

4th heart sound

A

Also known as atrial heart sound

Usually not audible

Caused by oscillation of blood in atria during contraction

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15
Q

Fallot’s tetralogy

A

Common if mother has a rubella infection while pregno

VSD

Obstruction to RV outflow

Overriding aorta that receives blood from both ventricle

RV hypertrophy
—> has to pump against greater pressure

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