Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSS - CV Exam 2 > Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

driving force for blood flow?

A

pressure gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what happens during diastole?

A

ventricular filling

isovolumetric relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what happens during systole?

A

isovolumetric contraction

ejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

diastole vs. systole?

A

diastole > systole

-changes with increasing HR**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

beginning of isovolumetric contraction?

A

mitral and tricuspid valves close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

end of isovolumetric contraction?

A

aortic and pulmonic valves open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

beginning of isovolumetric relaxation?

A

aortic and pulmonic valves close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

end of isovolumetric relaxation?

A

mitral and tricuspud valves open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

isovolumetric contraction?

A

all valves closed***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

isovolumetric relaxation?

A

all valves closed***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

similarities and differences of left and right heart?

A

different - valves and pressures

same - phase and volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

echocardiography

A

linear dimension and velocity of ventricular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

blood volume and L vs. R heart?

A

both eject same volume

  • LV pressure much greater
  • peak velocity is much greater and generated more rapidly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pulmonary wedge pressures?

A

left atrial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ejection fraction = ?

A

EF = SV/EDV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stroke volume = ?

A

SV = EDV - ESV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

S1 heart sound?

A

closure of mitral and tricuspid valves

M1 and T1 - rarely split

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

S2 heart sound?

A

closure of aortic and pulmonary valves

A2 and P2 will split during inspiration**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what closes first: mitral or tricuspid?

A

mitral just before

bc left ventricular contraction begins just before right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what opens first: pulmonary or aortic valve?

A

pulmonary just before
bc right ventricle has shorter isovolumetric contraction***
-not as much pressure needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what closes first: aortic or pulmonic valve?

A

aortic

-greater downstream pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pulmonary valve?

A

opens first and closes last

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what opens first: tricupsid or mitral?

A

tricuspid opens first

  • right ventricular filling before left***
  • right isovolumetric relaxation shorter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Inspiration and S2 split?

A

negative intrathoracic pressure

  • greater VR to right side heart
  • additional time for RV ejection - later P2
  • reduced VR to left side heart
  • less time for LV ejection - earlier A2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
S3
early diastole - after S2 ventricular filling phase - normal younger people - ventricular enlargement with heart failure Ken-tuck-y
26
S4
late diastole - just before S1 strong atrial contraction -pathology, ventricle wall stiffness and decreased compliance Ten-nessee
27
3 tips right heart cath?
RA, RV, pulmonary wedge (LAP)
28
stages of contraction?
isovolumetric contraction ventricular ejection isovolumetric relaxation ventricular filling
29
mitral insufficiency?
left atrial pressure increase - during systole - bc blood flows back into left atria
30
mitral stenosis?
increased left atrial presure | -during diastole
31
aortic stenosis?
high ventricular pressure and low aortic pressure - during systole - bc blood can't flow easily into aorta
32
aortic insufficiency?
low aortic pressure | -during diastole
33
dicrotic notch?
pressure wave with closure of aortic valve
34
peak flow?
during ejection
35
elastic recoil of aorta?
maintenance of pressure gradient
36
pressure wave speed?
move faster than blood
37
contributors to venous pulse?
- retrograde action of heartbeat - respiratory cycle - contraction of skeletal muscles
38
a wave?
RA contraction
39
c wave?
RV pressure in early systole | -bulging of tricuspid valve into RA
40
v wave?
RA filling | -tricuspid closed
41
inspiration and jugular pulse?
decreased thoracic P - decreased JVP - increased VR
42
standing?
venous pooling | -walking pumps blood and promotes VR decreasing venous pressure in foot
43
bottom right?
mitral valve closes
44
top right?
aortic valve opening
45
top left?
aortic valve closing
46
top right?
mitral valve opening
47
net work performed by heart?
inside the loop - bottom - work done by blood on heart - top - work done by heary
48
tension heat
greatest energy cost - ATP use during isovolumetric contraction - isometric - no "work" bc no movement
49
tension heat = ?
k T delta(t) k - energy conversion T - ventricular wall tension (afterload) delta(t) - time in systole
50
with CAD?
``` decreased HR (more time in diastole) reduce wall tension (decreased BP) ```
51
ventricular wall stress?
pulling fibers apart
52
wall stress = ?
wall stress ~ P x r / 2h ``` P = transmural pressure r = radius h = wall thickness ```
53
cardiac output = ?
CO = HR x SV
54
cardiac index?
CO with body size taken into consideration
55
preload?
EDV
56
afterload?
pressure against what ventricles must generate force
57
contractility?
inotropy - change in force generation - independent of preload - depends on Ca2+**
58
passive tension in cardiac muscle?
increases at shorter sarcomere length | -less distensible elements
59
active tension in cardiac muscle?
increase 1.9 - 2.4 - increased regulatory protein affinity to Ca2+ (troponin C) - stretch activated Ca2+ channels on sarcolemma - increases sensitivity of RYR receptors to Ca2+ influx
60
frank starling law?
degree of filling prior to contraction (preload) determinant for force generated
61
failing heart?
flatter curve of frank starling curve | -decreased stroke volume for given EDV
62
LV failure?
pulmonary edema
63
RV failure?
peripheral edema
64
preload?
isometric tension: isovolumetric contraction phase
65
afterload?
isotonic tension: ejection phase
66
increased afterload and velocity?
decreased velocity
67
increased preload and velocity?
increased velocity
68
increased afterload?
greater proportion of time in systole is isovolumetric contraction -therefore, decreased SV and ejection fraction and increased ESV
69
contractility?
inotrophy - independent of preload - depends on Ca2+ levels
70
increased contractility?
curve up and to left
71
normal steady state?
VR = CO
72
mean systemic filling pressure?
MSFP - intersection of VR curve at X axis - determined by blood volume and vascular compliance RAP = MSFP with no flow in system
73
change in blood volume?
change in MSFP
74
change in resistance to VR?
no change in MSFP

MSS - CV Exam 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions