Cardiac Congenital Abnormalities

Question 1

Heart defect often associated with Down syndrome

Answer 1

AVD or VSD (septal defects)

Multiple defects may also be present

Question 2

Heart defects associated with Turner Syndrome

Answer 2

Aorta coractation (narrowing) and PDA

Question 3

R to L shunt abnormalities (cyanotic)

Answer 3

Terrible T's
Tetralogy
Tricuspid atresia
Transposition of great vessels
Truncus arteriosus
Total anomalous venous return

Question 4

Four elements of the Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 4

Pulmonic Stenosis
RVH
Overriding aorta
Ventral Septal Defect

Results in reversal of flow through the VSD and R to L shunting
Infants are polycythemic and have a boot shaped heart

Question 5

Most common cardiac malformation

Answer 5

Ventral septal defect

Question 6

Most common location for VSD

Answer 6

Upper “membranous region” of the ventricular septum

Question 7

Murmur associated with a VSD

Answer 7

Holosystolic or pansystolic (vs machine like in PDA)

Question 8

Most commonly diagnosed cardiac defect in adulthood

Answer 8

ASD (different from patent FO, rarely causes pulmonary overload)

Question 9

Heart defect associated with congenital rubella syndrome

Answer 9

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 10

Diseases commonly associated with aortic coarctation

Answer 10

Males
Females with Turner syndrome
Bicuspid aortic valve
Berry anurysms
ASD
VSD

Question 11

Infantile Aortic coarctation

Answer 11

Narrowing of the aorta proximal to a patent ductus arteriosus
Shunting of oxygen poor blood through the PDA causes lower extremity claudication and cyanosis, but does not affect upper extremities much (small hypertension due to aortic overload)

Question 12

Adult Aortic Coarctation

Answer 12

Narrowing of the aorta distal to a closed PDA
Pressure builds in the aorta causing upper extremity hypertension
Low pressure beyond coarctation causes lower extremity cyanosis and weak pulses.
Often aortic collaterals form making rib notches