Cardiac Conditions.

Question 1

Define ischaemia.

Answer 1

Ischaemia is the inadequate blood supply to an organ or a tissue, reducing nutrients and oxygen metabolism.

Question 2

Define arteriolosclerosis.

Answer 2

Arteriolosclerosis is the hardening, loss of elasticity and thickening of the arterioles and small arteries due to protein build up.

Question 3

Describe acute coronary syndrome symptoms.

Answer 3

ACS symptoms are diaphoresis, arrhythmia, tachypnoea, chest pain, arm paraesthesia, vomiting, hypotension, lethargy and impending doom.

Question 4

Define STEMI criteria and its pathophysiology.

Answer 4

STEMI is when the plague rupture, causing a large blood clot. This causes severe ischaemia and the myocytes die. Our STEMI criteria is - >2mm STE in >2 leads V1-V3 or >1mm STE in 2 contiguous leads in any other area (V4-V6, 1, 2, 3, aVL or aVF. or >1mm STE in >2 posterior leads, or new LBBB.

Question 5

Define myocardial ischaemia treatment at EMT level.

Answer 5

Myocardial ischaemia treatment is 300mg aspirin, 0.4mg GTN, oxygen if <94% sp02.

Question 6

Describe symptoms of Hypertension.

Answer 6

Hypertension can cause headache, flushed, fatigue, chest pain, vision deficits, haematuria, SOB.

Question 7

Describe symptoms of Hypotension.

Answer 7

Hypotension can cause dizziness, fainting and poor perfusion.