Cardiac Catheterization Flashcards
Left-sided catheterization is accomplished via?
Via arterial puncture in the femoral or brachial artery
Left-sided catheterization is typically used on what procedures?
Aortography, coronary and coronary bypass graft angiography, ventriculography, and evaluation for patent ductus arteriosus
Right-sided catherization is typically accomplished by?
By venous puncture in the femoral or brachiocephalic vein
Right-sided catheterization is used for what procedures?
For pulmonary angiography, catheterisation of RA and RV, or evaluation of shunt lesions such as atrial septal defect
What is the normal right atrial pressure and oxygen saturation?
2 to 5 mm Hg and 65 to 75% oxygen saturation
Elevated right atrial pressures are seen in what cases?
Right heart failure, decreased compliance, and tricuspid valve disease
A 7% or greater increase in the saturation from the IVC to RA is considered evidence of what case?
A left-to-right shunt (ASD)
What is the normal right ventricular pressure and oxygen saturation?
25 systolic and 0 to 5 diastolic mm Hg.
Saturation should be the same as the right atrium (65-75)
Elevated systolic and diastolic pressure of the right ventricle are seen in what cases?
Elevated systolic pressure = pulmonary hypertension, pulmonic valve stenosis, and congenital heart lesions such as transposition and truncus arteriosus
Increase diastolic pressure = right heart failure
A 5% increase in saturation from RA to RV suggest what disease?
VSD
What is the normal pulmomary arterial pressures?
25 systolic and 10 diastolic mm Hg, with a mean PA pressure of 15 mm Hg
A significant pressure gradient (> 10 mm Hg) across the pulmonary valve implies what pathology?
Pulmonic valve stenosis
Pulmonary arterial saturation should be approximately the same as the right ventricular saturation, with how many % difference should be considered significant for a shunt lesion?
3%
What is the normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure?
2 to 8 mm Hg and approximates the left atrial pressure unless there is evidence of pulmonary venous obstruction
Elevations in the left atrial or wedge pressure are usually seen in what cases?
Mitral stenosis or left-sided congestive heart failure
Norma left atrial saturation is approximately how many percent?
94%
A decrease greater than 5% implies right-to-left shunt
What is the normal left ventricular pressure?
Apporximately 120 systolic and 0 to 5 diastolic mm Hg
What are the disease associated with decreased or increased left ventricular pressure?
Decreased systolic = shock and congestive heart failure
Elevated systolic = systemic hypertension or outlet obstruction
Increased diastolic = congestive heart failure
Pressure gradients of mild, moderate, and severe aortic stenosis.
Pressure gradient across the aortic valve
Mild = greater than 25 mm Hg Moderate = 40 to 50 mm Hg Severe = exceeding 80 mm Hg
Pulmonic stenosis is considered significant if the right ventricular systolic pressure exceeds how many mm Hg?
70 mm Hg
PA hypertension is defined as a mean PA pressure of more than how many mm Hg?
25 mm Hg
