Cardiac Block Wk 3 Flashcards
How does metabolic alkalosis occur with the use of loop diuretics?
- Loss of Cl- leads to increased reabsorption of HCO3- to compensate (maintain electrochemical balance).
- In the collecting tubule, aldosterone is increased to reabsorb more Na -> increased excretion of K+ and H+ -> increased reabsorption of HCO3-. Loss of H+ and Increased HCO3 = metabolic alkalosis.
How does Hypoxemia affect aldosterone activity?
It suppresses aldosterone activity. This is helpful to reduce plasma volume in the setting of hypoxemia. This allows for increased hematocrit and decreased myocardial O2 demand by decreasing preload.
In situations where oxygen exchanges becomes diffusion limited why is CO@ less affected?
CO2 has a greater diffusing capacity than oxygen.
The pathogenesis of aortic stenosis due to age related calcific aortic valve is analogous to?
Arteria atherosclerosis.
**the aortic side of aortic valve is exposed to the same high pressures and turbulent flow as aortic endothelium. Damage -> dysfunction -> subendothelial lipid deposition -> inflammatory cell -> inflammatory mediators. In later stages, fibroblast differentiate into osteoblast cells -> valvular calcification.
Sarcoidosis is a ____ mediated process.
CD4 T-cell mediated. These cells release IFN and TNF to drive macrophage and granuloma activation.
Is acetomenophen an NSAID?
NO. It is an analgesic and antipyretic.
What happens in lung injury that occurs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Loss of Type 1 pneumocytes (gas exchange). Hyperplasia of type 2 pneumocytes (but these are unable to differentiate into type 1). And increased fibroblast and myofibroblast migration and proliferation.
In tuberculosis what is the GHON complex?
Initial areas of infection (lower lobe and ipsilateral hilar LN).
What is a Ranke complex?
A fibrosed and calcified GHON complex.
**indicative of controlled primary infection.
