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Critical Care > Cardiac - Arrhythmias > Flashcards

Cardiac - Arrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

Rhythm where sinus node creates impulse at slower rate than normal

A

Sinus Brady

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2
Q

What are the treatments for sinus brady?

A

Treat the cause
Assess for manifestations for decreased CO
Atropine IVP is VERY low

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3
Q

Rhythm where sinus node creates an impluse at a faster rate than normal

A

Sinus Tachy

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4
Q

What is the number 1 golden rule for treating sinus tachycardia?

A

TREAT THE CAUSE

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5
Q

When and why is sinus tach bad?

A
  • Decreases Cardiac Output
  • Increases Cardiac Workload
  • May lead to ischemia/HYPOtension
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6
Q

Rhythm that occurs as extra and abnormal electrical activity ABOVE ventricles and AV node

A

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

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7
Q

What are some causes of SVT?
- High levels of ______
- ___________ imbalance

A

stress
Electrolyte

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8
Q

What is occurring during SVT?

A

Reentering of electrical signals FROM vents to atria

THIS IS NOT SUPPOSED TO HAPPEN
- Imagine: impulses are turning around on a one-way street and reentering the atria

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9
Q

What are the treatment options for SVT?

A

(SVT)
Start w/
Vagal
Treatment

If non-pharm interventions do not work: (ABCDs of SVT)
Adenosine
Beta-blocker
Cardiac Ablation
Digoxin

If unstable: Synchronized Cardioversion

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10
Q

Rhythm where electrical impulses start in the atria but not the SA node. A premature impulse before the SA fires

A

Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)

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11
Q

What are some causes of PACs?

A

-Caffeine, nicotine, alcohol
- Hypervolemia
- Anxiety
- Hypokalemia

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12
Q

What are the treatments of PACs?

A

Treatment is not normally needed

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13
Q

Rhythm where heart’s electrical signals through the atria, which are beating too quickly though at a regular rhythm

A

Atrial flutter

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14
Q

What are some causes of atrial flutter?

A

Hypertension
CAD
Valvular Disease
Pulmonary Embolism
Cardiomyopathy

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15
Q

What is one of the biggest risks for a pt with atrial flutter?

A

Risk for clotting

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16
Q

What is the treatment for a new atrial flutter?

A

Adenosine
Cardioversion

17
Q

What is the treatment for an old atrial flutter?

A

Anticoagulants
Cardioversion
Antiarrhythmic (amiodarone)

18
Q

Rhythm that has uncoordinated electrical activity in the atria that causes rapid and disorganized “fibbing” of muscles in the atrium. Atria are quivering instead of contracting

A

Atrial Fibrillation

19
Q

What are pts with afib at risk for?

A

Clots - blood is not pumped effectively and begin to pool in the ventricles

20
Q

What are the common treatments for atrial fibrillation?

A

Cardioversion
Antiarrhythmic (amiodarone)
Anticoagulants
Short–> Heparin gtt
Long –> Coumadin, Eliquis, Rivaroxaban

21
Q

Rhythm where there is early/premature conduction of the QRS complex

Impulse starts in the ventricle before next normal beat fires from the SA

A

Premature ventricular Contraction (PVC)

22
Q

What are some causes of PVCs

A

Caffeine, tobacco, nicotine
Cardiac ischemia
Hypoxia
Tachycardia
Acidosis
Dig. Toxicity
Heart Failure
Electrolyte Imbalance

23
Q

What is the treatment of PVCs?

A

Find the cause and treat it

24
Q

This rhythm’s signal starts in the AV node, not the SA.

AV is now acting as the pacemaker of the heart instead of the SA

A

Junctional Rhythms

25
Q

What is the treatment of junctional rhythms?

A

If symptomatic, treat like Brady

26
Q

Where can the p wave be located in a junctional rhythm

A
  • inverted in front of QRS
  • Buried w/ in QRS
  • Inverted behind QRS
27
Q

Rhythm where the waveform is irregular, coarse, and of different shapes. Ventricles are QUIVERING. No Cardiac Output

CAN BE FATAL

A

Ventricular Tachycardia

28
Q

What are the top 3 treatments of Vtach?

A
  1. Amiodarone
  2. Lidocaine
  3. Magnesium if the rhythm is Torsade’s

If none of these things work – CARDIOVERSION

29
Q

If pt has no pulse, what is the immediate treatment?

A

Call code and start CPR

30
Q

What rhythm is rapid, disorganized pattern of electrical activity in the ventricle in which electrical impulses arise from different foci

A

Ventricular Fibrillation (Vfib)

31
Q

What is the treatment for ventricular fibrillation?

A

DEFIB THE VFIB
**No pulse, so start CPR

32
Q

What rhythm shows that a patient is dying/ or is about to.

A

Idioventricular rhythm

** If NO pulse, tx like asystole
** If DO have pulse –> Epp, vasopressors, trans. pacing

33
Q

This rhythm can look like any arrhythmia, but there is no heart rate/ pulse

A

Pulseless Electrical Activity

34
Q

What are the “H’s”

A

Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
Hydrogen Ions (acidosis)
Hypo/Hyper kalemia
Hypoglycemia
Hypothermia

35
Q

What are the “T’s”

A

Toxins
Tamponade
Thrombosis
Tension Pneumo
Trauma

Critical Care (6 decks)

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