Cardiac Arrhythmia Drugs Flashcards
The P wave of an ECG corresponds to what event in the cardiac cycle?
Contraction of the atria
The R wave of an ECG corresponds to what event in the cardiac cycle?
Contraction of the ventricles
The T wave of an ECG corresponds to what event in the cardiac cycle?
Repolarization of the ventricles
Arrhythmias can be defined as disturbances in what?
Pacemaker impulse formation (SA/AV node)
Contraction impulse conduction (Bundle of His)
Both of these
Arrthymias can result in “blackouts” as a result of what?
Rate and/or timing of contraction of heart musle that is insufficient to maintain normal cardiac output (CO)
Draw a graph (action potential vs. time) showing the fast action potential of cardiac myocytes over time
Explain what is happening at each stage
Using the graph you have drawn showing cardiac action potential to show where drugs blocking Na+ channels act
Phase 0
Using the graph you have drawn showing cardiac action potential to show where drugs beta blockers act
Phase 4
Using the graph you have drawn showing cardiac action potential to show where drugs blocking K+ channels act
Late phase 3 (refractory period)
Using the graph you have drawn showing cardiac action potential to show where drugs blocking calcium channels act
Phase 2
Draw a graph showing the slow action potential of the SA/AV node
Where in the heart does this type of AP originate?
In the pacemakers (SA or AV node) of the heart
Where would a fast actional potential occur within the heart?
In ventricular cardiac myocytes
Where would a slow actional potential occur within the heart?
Atrium (specifically SA/AV nodes)
Give two general types of abnormal impulse generation
Abnormal automaticity- spontaneous firing
Triggered rhythms- myocytes contract twice when stimulated once
Give two examples of abnormal automaticity
- Enhanced normal automaticity
Increased number of action potentials from the SA node
- Ectopic foci
Action potentials arise from sites other than the SA node
Give two types of triggered rhythm and explain the difference between the two
- Delayed afterdepolarization
AP arises from the resting potential
- Early afterdepolarization
AP arises from the plateau phase
e.g. Torsade de Pointes
What are the two general types of abnormal conduction?
Conduction block
Reentry