Cardiac/ Antihypertensives Flashcards
Angina
caused by ischemia–> caused by Athersclerousis
Symptoms of MI
elbow pain, nausea, pressure in the chest,
MI
Death of Myocardial tissue
3 Types of Angina
- Chronic stable angina- exersize induced
- Unstable angina- Happens while resting
- Vasospastic- Chest pain when under stressed
Heart Failure
prevent after MI
Nitrates
Dilates the coronary artery, and the periphery–> resulting in decrease work load on the heart muscle.
Nitrate Forms
- trans dermal patches- remember to remove old patch, make sure since is intact to prevent increased absorption. Place on upper chest.
- Sub lingual- causes headaches, 1 every 5 minutes up to 3 times for treatment of angina, causes burning and stinging under the tongue, make sure the patient lets it completely dissolve, assess for therapeutic effect. store in a dark place and good for 3 months after opened.
Coronary Artery disease
Nursing role with
**
Beta Blockers
- Decrease the heart rate
- Effect the myocardial contractility
- Used after an MI to reduce sudden death arrhythmia
Beta Blocker Indications
- Angina
- Antihypertensive
- Protect heart after MI
Beta Blocker Adverse effects
Bradycardia- do not give if HR is below 60 and contact provider.
Hypotension- 90/60 too low
AV Block- Monitor EKG, Heart sounds or irregular HR
Hyper/Hypo-glycemia- DM patients are at high risk (Monitor CBG)
Impotence- biggest cause of non-compliance
Depression-
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB)
Increases O2 through coronary artery vasodilation, and help in the periphery. As a result supply will equal demand
CCB Indications
- Angina
- Hypertension
- Supraventricular tachycardia when HR goes above 120
- Coronary artery Spasms
- Short term help with A-fib
A-Fib
The heart is not contracting properly
CCB Adverse effects
- Hypotension, dizzyness
- Palpatations- from the increase in HR
- Bracycardia-
- Constipation and Nausea
Heart Failure-Right
Right sided is secondary to left failure right sided major causes of Right sided heart failure is COPD and Right heart infarctions.
Heart Failure- definition
The heart is unable to pump blood to meet the bodies needs.
Heart failure causes
MI Valve deficiency CAD Pulmonary Hypotention DM Hypertention
Therapy for heart failure
-Positive of inotropic effect- showing signs of mypcardial contractions
- Positive chronotropic effect- Increase heart rate
Negative chronoptropic effect
Positive Dromotropic- increases rate of cardiac conduction
Negative dromotropic effect slows the conduction
ACE inhibitors
Prevents sodium and H2O absorption, potassium is reabsorbed.
Antiotensin 2 receptor blockers
block angiotensin 2 and cause vasodilation- used short term
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor (Milrinone)
primarily used in ED
Positive inotropic effect
increased stroke volume
decreased preload
Inotropic
Muscle contractions
Chronotropic
Affecting the rate of rhythmic movements, such as the heartbeat.
Dromotropic
Relating to or influencing the conductivity of nerve fibers or cardiac muscle fibers.
Digoxin
+inotropic, -chronotropic, -dromotropic
