CARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY EOCP Flashcards
What are the red flags in every history?
Unexplained weight loss, Night sweats, Chest Pain, Syncope
What are common signs of Right sided HF
Ankle swelling, Sacral oedema, Ascites and Raised JVP
What is Claudication?
Poor Arterial blood supply to the muscles of the leg, causing cramps and pain whilst walking
Clinical Signs of Tension Pneumothorax?
Deviated Trachea, Hyperresonant chest, JVP distended
Why isn,t it reccommended to order X-ray for tension pneumothorax?
EMERGENCY! SHOULD BE OBVIOUS FROM EXAMINATION FINDINGS
What test can rule out P.E?
D-Dimer test can rule it out. If D-Dimer is negative then NO P.E. But if positive doesnt confirm P.E
What Score is used to test risk of P.E?
Wells Score
What imaging is used to confirm P.E?
CTPA (CT pulmonary angiogram)
What do you do if Wells Score is more than 4?
Go straight to CTPA to confirm P.E
Below what score in WELLS do you do D-dimer test for P.E?
4
What are common symptoms of P.E?
Shortness of Breath, PLEURITIC CHEST PAIN (SHARP, STABBING PAIN), could be DVT, Haemoptysis
What is Pleuritic chest Pain?
Sharp, stabbing Pain
What kind of Pain is felt in Angina
Tight band squeezing pain
What might a symptom of productive cough lead you to think of as a cause?
Chest infections, such as Pneumonia
What test would you use instead of CTPA for P.E and why?
V/Q mismatch scan (Ventilation/Perfusion)
3 common complications of diabetes
Retinopathy, Nephropathy, Neuropathy
What does collapsing pulse check? And how?
To check for Aortic valve regurgitation. You can feel a strong, forceful pulse that strongly increases then rapidly decreases. The pulse increases because of high stroke volume in left ventricle being pumped up, but then due to leaky valve, this blood falls back, hence increasing the volume of blood inside left ventricle
Why check teeth in Cardio Ex
Looking for any signs of infection ad this could spread to the heart as endocarditis
Possible investigations for SOB? (Bedside)
02 Saturation levels, Blood Pressure, C02 levels through ABG/VBG, Respiratory Rate, Check Peak expiratory Flow
What is Peak flow like in a pneumothorax?
Normal, as no obstruction
How is peak flow affected in COPD or Asthma?
Decreased as there is obstruction of bronchioles
Why check eyes in a heart examination?
Cholesterol deposits in and around eye, that could indicate hyperlipidemia
When inspecting hands in Cardio Ex, what we looking for?
Clubbing of nails, tar stains, Kolynchia (when nails became concave or spooned)
Why check tongue in cardio Ex?
Look for cyanosis (becomes blue) as indicaes Hypoperfusion