Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular spine?
To support the cardiovascular system and protect the spinal cord.
Fill in the blank:
The cardiovascular spine develops from embryonic __________.
mesoderm
What are the two main components of the cardiovascular system during spinal development?
The heart and blood vessels.
True or False: The cardiovascular spine is fully developed at birth.
False
Fill in the blank:
The __________ is the first organ to function in the embryo, playing a critical role in cardiovascular development.
heart
What is cardiac looping?
It is a process during heart development where the linear heart tube forms a loop.
What is the importance of the fetal circulation in the development of the cardiovascular spine?
It allows for efficient oxygen and nutrient transport to developing tissues.
Fill in the blank:
The __________ is a temporary structure that allows blood to bypass the lungs in fetal circulation.
ductus arteriosus
What is the role of the endocardial cushions in heart development?
They help in the formation of heart valves and septa.
Multiple choice:
Which embryonic layer gives rise to the cardiovascular system? A) Ectoderm
B) Endoderm
C) Mesoderm
D) All of the above
C) Mesoderm
Fill in the blank:
The __________ system is essential for the development of the heart and blood vessels.
cardiovascular
Multiple choice:
What structure forms the base of the heart during embryonic development?
A) Aortic arch
B) Sinus venosus
C) Bulbus cordis
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the primary structure that forms the heart loop during embryonic development?
The primitive heart tube.
True or False: The heart loop formation begins around the 3rd week of embryonic development.
True.
Fill in the blank: The heart loop is formed through a process called __________.
Looping.
What are the two main components of the heart tube that contribute to the heart loop formation?
The atrial and ventricular regions.
Multiple choice:
Which of the following structures is involved in the bending of the heart tube to form the heart loop?
A) Bulbus cordis
B) Sinus venosus
C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B.
What direction does the heart loop bend during its formation?
The heart loop bends ventrally and to the right.
What is the result of improper heart loop formation?
Congenital heart defects.
Fill in the blank:
The heart loop connects the __________ to the __________.
Atrium; ventricle.
Multiple choice:
Which region of the heart tube forms the future left ventricle?
A) Atrial region
B) Bulbus cordis
C) Sinus venosus
B) Bulbus cordis.
True or False: The heart loop is fully formed by the end of the 4th week of embryonic development.
True.
What is the significance of the cardiac jelly during heart loop formation?
It provides structural support and facilitates growth.
Fill in the blank:
The heart loop formation helps in the development of the __________ system.
Circulatory.
Multiple choice:
Which part of the heart loop eventually becomes the aorta?
A) Bulbus cordis
B) Sinus venosus
C) Atrial region
A) Bulbus cordis.
What embryonic layer contributes to the formation of the heart loop?
Mesoderm.
True or False:
The heart loop formation is influenced by genetic factors.
True.
What is the primary function of the heart loop during embryonic development?
To establish the basic architecture of the heart.
What happens to the heart tube after the looping process is complete?
It undergoes further maturation and chamber formation.
What is the role of the endocardial cushions during heart loop formation?
They help in the separation of the heart chambers.
Multiple choice:
Which structure is responsible for the initial contraction of the heart tube?
A) Myocardium
B) Endocardium
C) Pericardium
A) Myocardium.
What is the primary function of fetal circulation?
To deliver oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus and remove waste products.
Fill in the blank:
The _______ is the primary vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.
umbilical vein
Which structure allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs?
Foramen ovale
What is the name of the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus back to the placenta?
Umbilical arteries
At what gestational age does fetal circulation begin to develop?
Around 3 weeks of gestation
What is the role of the ductus arteriosus in fetal circulation?
To connect the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the lungs.
What happens to the foramen ovale after birth?
It closes, forming a fibrous structure called the fossa ovalis.
