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CAS ACE Internship > Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main components of anatomical position?

A

Head forward
Body standing erect
Arms at side
Palms forward

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2
Q

Anterior is the ____ of the patient

A

front

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3
Q

Posterior is the ___ of the patient

A

back

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4
Q

Lateral is the ___ of the pateitn

A

side

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5
Q

Superior is towards the ____ of the patient

A

top

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6
Q

Inferior is towards the ___ of the patient

A

bottom

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7
Q

Medial is the ______ of the patient

A

middle

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8
Q

The sagittal plane…….

A

cuts the patient in half vertically from left to right

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9
Q

The transverse plane….

A

cuts the patient in half horizontally from top to bottom

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10
Q

The frontal plane….

A

cuts the patient in half vertically from front to back

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11
Q

The elbow is more ____ to the shoulder than the wrist

A

proximal

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12
Q

The chin is _____ to the navel

A

superior

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13
Q

The spine is ____ to the heart

A

posterior

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14
Q

What is the function of the heart

A

responsible for vital transport of blood, oxygen, nutrients, and byproducts to and from tissues

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15
Q

What does the thoracic cavity contain

A

the heart and lungs

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16
Q

What muscle is inferior to the heart

A

the diaphragm

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17
Q

What are the components of the thoracic wall

A

vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and clavicle

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18
Q

What is the membranous sac that contains the heart

A

the pericardium

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19
Q

Where is the diaphragm located

A

below the heart and lungs

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20
Q

The diaphragm divides the _____ and _____ cavities

A

thoracic and abdominal

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21
Q

The diaphragm is innervated by the

A

phrenic nerve

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22
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm

A

to control breathing
contracting when exhaling
expanding when inhaling

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23
Q

What is the function of the phrenic nerve

A

to innervate the diaphragm

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24
Q

The apex of the heart is located

A

directed downward, forward, and to the left in humans

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25
Q

What is the function of the left atrium

A

pump oxygenated blood from lungs to left ventricle

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26
Q

What is the function of the left ventricle

A

pump oxygenated blood from lungs to body

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27
Q

What is the function of the right atrium

A

returns deoxygenated blood from body to right ventricle

28
Q

What is the function of the right venticle

A

pump deoxygenated blood from body (right atrium) to the lungs

29
Q

What is the function of the arteries

A

carry blood away from ventricles to rest of body,

30
Q

What are the primary arteries

A

pulmonary and aorta

31
Q

Arteries have ____ and ___ walls

A

strong, elastic

32
Q

What is the function of the veins

A

carry blood back to atria from all parts of the body

33
Q

What are the major veins

34
Q

Arteries mainly carry

A

oxygenated blood

35
Q

Veins mainly carry

A

deoxygenated blood

36
Q

The pulmonary valve is between the ____ and the _____

A

right ventricle and pulmonary artery

37
Q

The pulmonary valve is ____ during systole and ____ during diastole

A

open, closed

38
Q

The aortic valve is between the ______ and the _______

A

left ventricle and aorta

39
Q

The aortic valve is ____ during systole and _____ during diastole

A

open, closed

40
Q

The mitral valve is between the ______ and the ______

A

left atrium and left ventricle

41
Q

The mitral valve is ______ during systole and ______ during diastole

A

closed, open

42
Q

The tricuspid valve is between the _____ and the ______

A

right atrium and right ventricle

43
Q

The tricuspid valve is ______ during systole and ______ during diastole

A

closed, open

44
Q

The _____ and _____ valves carry oxygenated blood

A

aortic and mitral

45
Q

The ________ and ________ valves carry deoxygenated blood

A

pulmonary and triscuspid

46
Q

What two organs does thoracic cavity house

A

heart and lungs

47
Q

What nerve passes over the right atrium and left atrium

48
Q

What is the purpose of the pericardium

A

keep heart fixed within chest cavity
prevent heart from overstretching and overfilling
lubricates the heart
surrounds and protects heart

49
Q

Starting from the outside in, the layers of the heart tissue are

A

fibrous pericardium
parietal pericardium
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

50
Q

What are the two names of the semilunar valves?

A

pulmonary and aortic

51
Q

What is the endocardium

A

the thin, smooth membrane which lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves

52
Q

What is the myocardium

A

to facilitate the contraction and relaxation of the heart walls in order to receive and pump the blood into the systemic circulation

muscular layer of the heart

53
Q

What is the epicardium

A

a serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart.

54
Q

What is the pericardium

A

the membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane.

55
Q

What are the three circulatory system phases

A

Heart
Systemic
Pulmonary

56
Q

What is the systemic circulation

A

carries oxygenated blood away from heart to body

returns deoxygenated blood to heart

57
Q

What is the pulmonary circulation

A

movement of blood from heart to lungs and back to heart

58
Q

What is the coronary circulation

A

provides heart with blood that carries oxygen and nutrients needed for cardiac tissues

59
Q

What is cardiac output

A

volume of ejected blood by heart in one minute
CO=HRxSV
L/min

60
Q

What is normal cardiac output

A

4 to 6 liters per minute

61
Q

What are the three factors that impact stroke volume

A

preload
afterload
contractility

62
Q

What is preload

A

the amount of stretch on the ventricle at the end of diastole

63
Q

What is afterload

A

the amount of resistance the heart must work against during systole

64
Q

What is afterload

A

the amount of resistance the heart must work against during systole

65
Q

What is contractility

A

the ability of the myocardium to contract and relax

66
Q

Each ventricle ejects about ______ of its volume per stroke

67
Q

What is the equation for ejection fraction

CAS ACE Internship (1 decks)

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