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CAS ACE Internship > Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main components of anatomical position?

A

Head forward
Body standing erect
Arms at side
Palms forward

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2
Q

Anterior is the ____ of the patient

A

front

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3
Q

Posterior is the ___ of the patient

A

back

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4
Q

Lateral is the ___ of the pateitn

A

side

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5
Q

Superior is towards the ____ of the patient

A

top

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6
Q

Inferior is towards the ___ of the patient

A

bottom

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7
Q

Medial is the ______ of the patient

A

middle

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8
Q

The sagittal plane…….

A

cuts the patient in half vertically from left to right

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9
Q

The transverse plane….

A

cuts the patient in half horizontally from top to bottom

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10
Q

The frontal plane….

A

cuts the patient in half vertically from front to back

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11
Q

The elbow is more ____ to the shoulder than the wrist

A

proximal

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12
Q

The chin is _____ to the navel

A

superior

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13
Q

The spine is ____ to the heart

A

posterior

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14
Q

What is the function of the heart

A

responsible for vital transport of blood, oxygen, nutrients, and byproducts to and from tissues

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15
Q

What does the thoracic cavity contain

A

the heart and lungs

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16
Q

What muscle is inferior to the heart

A

the diaphragm

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17
Q

What are the components of the thoracic wall

A

vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and clavicle

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18
Q

What is the membranous sac that contains the heart

A

the pericardium

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19
Q

Where is the diaphragm located

A

below the heart and lungs

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20
Q

The diaphragm divides the _____ and _____ cavities

A

thoracic and abdominal

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21
Q

The diaphragm is innervated by the

A

phrenic nerve

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22
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm

A

to control breathing
contracting when exhaling
expanding when inhaling

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23
Q

What is the function of the phrenic nerve

A

to innervate the diaphragm

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24
Q

The apex of the heart is located

A

directed downward, forward, and to the left in humans

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25
What is the function of the left atrium
pump oxygenated blood from lungs to left ventricle
26
What is the function of the left ventricle
pump oxygenated blood from lungs to body
27
What is the function of the right atrium
returns deoxygenated blood from body to right ventricle
28
What is the function of the right venticle
pump deoxygenated blood from body (right atrium) to the lungs
29
What is the function of the arteries
carry blood away from ventricles to rest of body,
30
What are the primary arteries
pulmonary and aorta
31
Arteries have ____ and ___ walls
strong, elastic
32
What is the function of the veins
carry blood back to atria from all parts of the body
33
What are the major veins
vena cava
34
Arteries mainly carry
oxygenated blood
35
Veins mainly carry
deoxygenated blood
36
The pulmonary valve is between the ____ and the _____
right ventricle and pulmonary artery
37
The pulmonary valve is ____ during systole and ____ during diastole
open, closed
38
The aortic valve is between the ______ and the _______
left ventricle and aorta
39
The aortic valve is ____ during systole and _____ during diastole
open, closed
40
The mitral valve is between the ______ and the ______
left atrium and left ventricle
41
The mitral valve is ______ during systole and ______ during diastole
closed, open
42
The tricuspid valve is between the _____ and the ______
right atrium and right ventricle
43
The tricuspid valve is ______ during systole and ______ during diastole
closed, open
44
The _____ and _____ valves carry oxygenated blood
aortic and mitral
45
The ________ and ________ valves carry deoxygenated blood
pulmonary and triscuspid
46
What two organs does thoracic cavity house
heart and lungs
47
What nerve passes over the right atrium and left atrium
phrenic
48
What is the purpose of the pericardium
keep heart fixed within chest cavity prevent heart from overstretching and overfilling lubricates the heart surrounds and protects heart
49
Starting from the outside in, the layers of the heart tissue are
fibrous pericardium parietal pericardium epicardium myocardium endocardium
50
What are the two names of the semilunar valves?
pulmonary and aortic
51
What is the endocardium
the thin, smooth membrane which lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves
52
What is the myocardium
to facilitate the contraction and relaxation of the heart walls in order to receive and pump the blood into the systemic circulation muscular layer of the heart
53
What is the epicardium
a serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart.
54
What is the pericardium
the membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane.
55
What are the three circulatory system phases
Heart Systemic Pulmonary
56
What is the systemic circulation
carries oxygenated blood away from heart to body returns deoxygenated blood to heart
57
What is the pulmonary circulation
movement of blood from heart to lungs and back to heart
58
What is the coronary circulation
provides heart with blood that carries oxygen and nutrients needed for cardiac tissues
59
What is cardiac output
volume of ejected blood by heart in one minute CO=HRxSV L/min
60
What is normal cardiac output
4 to 6 liters per minute
61
What are the three factors that impact stroke volume
preload afterload contractility
62
What is preload
the amount of stretch on the ventricle at the end of diastole
63
What is afterload
the amount of resistance the heart must work against during systole
64
What is afterload
the amount of resistance the heart must work against during systole
65
What is contractility
the ability of the myocardium to contract and relax
66
Each ventricle ejects about ______ of its volume per stroke
65%
67
What is the equation for ejection fraction
SV/EDV

CAS ACE Internship (1 decks)

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