Cardiac Anatomy and Phys Flashcards
Cardinal symptoms of cardiac dysfunction
FACES
- Fatigue
- Activity limitation
- Congestion - fluid accumulation in lungs
- Edema
- Shortness of Breath
How are intercostal spaces numbered?
- numbered according to the rib which forms the superior border of the space
- there are 11 IC spaces (12 ribs)
What is the angle of Louis?
sternal angle - anterior angle formed by the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum
What is behind the angle of louis?
- bifurcation of the trachea into the right and left main stem bronchi
- ascending and descending aorta
- cardiac plexus
which ribs attach to the sternum? Which are false ribs?
Ribs 1-7 attach to sternum via coastal cartilage
Ribs 8,9,10 attach to rib above
ribs 11, 12 - false ribs
Heart itself lies ______ in the ______ mediastinum. Why?
obliquely in the middle
- allows for functional CPR
position of heart
- obliquely in the middle mediastinum
- 2/3s is located to the left of sternum
- points slightly anteriorly
- extends from 2nd to 5th intercostal space
anterior axillary line
imaginary line that starts from the lateral end of the clavicle, lateral edge of the pec major
midaxillary line
imaginary line between the anterior axillary line and the posterior axillary line
posterior axillary line
marked by the posterior axillary fold (lat dorsi and teres major muscles)
midclavicular line
imaginary line parallel to the long axis of the body and passing through the midpoint of the clavicle on the ventral surface of the body
movement of the _______ causes cardiac movement
diaphragm
What is the tough connective tissue around the heart? What does it do?
fibrous pericardium - prevents over filling of the heart
least vascular layer of the heart
epicardium (visceral pericardium)
workhorse of the heart
myocardium - thickest region of the heart and contains the myocytes
most vascular region of the heart
endocardium - covers the valves and is continuous with the endothelium layer of the vessels
What layer has the most damage after an MI? Least damage?
Most - endocardium (inner and most vascularized)
Least - epicardium (outer and least vascularized)
auricles
small earlike extension that expand volume in the right atrium
- manage preload
What drives heart rate in transplant patients?
SA node
What does the AV node do? What happens when it is damaged?
- transfers signal from the atria to ventricles
if damaged, atria and ventricles don’t contract at the same speed
Increased pulmonary pressures ↑ work load on the RV resulting in ___________
cor pulmonale
Where is Left atrium in reference to ribs?
lies just below the 2nd rib
What forms the bridge between the LV and the ascending aorta and contains the aortic valve
aortic root
when does blood flow to the heart occur?
during diastole
- blood flow is occluded during systole
