Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 4 divisions of the mediastinum?
Superior, anterior, middle, posterior
What’s contained within the superior mediastinum?
thymus gland, great vessels of the heart, trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct
What borders define the anterior mediastinume?
Space between the pericardium and sternum
What’s contained within the middle mediastinum?
heart, pericardium, parts of great vessels, phrenic n, primary bronchi
What’s contained within the posterior mediastinum?
descending aorta, esophagus, azygos/hemizygous vv, thoracic duct
What two layers comprise the pericardium?
Fibrous and Serous
Describe the fibrous layer of the pericardium?
outer, tough CT; attached to diaphragm, great vessels, sternum
Describe the serous layer of the pericardium? What 2 layers make it up?
Two layers with pericardial cavity in between.
- Parietal: fused to fibrous pericardium
- Visceral: on surface of heard (epicardium)
*Serous layer is innervated and has blood supply!!
What is the pericardium attached to? (6)
DAPPSS
- Diagphram
- Ascending Aorta
- Pulmonary Trunk
- Pulmonary Veins
- Superior Vena Cava
- Sternum
Which 2 arteries supply blood to the fibrous and parietal pericardium?
- Musculophrenic a.
- Pericardiacophrenic a.
What artery supplies the visceral serous?
Coronary aa
What nerves innervate the pericardium?
Vagus n.
Phrenic n.
Sympathetic trunks
What is pericarditis?
Inflammation of the pericardium
Sxs: chest pain, pericardial friction rub
Where do the major blood vessels enter the heart?
What does the apex of the heart sit on?
Where are the auricles and what are their purposes?
At the base of the heart.
The Diaphragm
Auricles in the R & L atria. They increase the volume that each atria can hold.
What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?
- Epicardium: visceral layer of pericardium
- Myocardium: heart muscle
- Endocardium: epithelium; simple squamous
