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PSA > cardiac > Flashcards

cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

what are examples of loop diuretics

A

frusemide
bumetanide

inhibit na/k/cl triple transporter in ascending loop of henle and increase NaCl excretion

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2
Q

what are the side effects of loop diuretics?

A

hypokalaemia
hyponatramia,magnesia, calcaemia

postural hypotension
increased urate

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3
Q

what are CI of loop diuretics

A

refractory hypokalamia

anuric renal failure

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4
Q

what are interactions of loop diuretics?

A 
increase toxicity of:
digoxin
NSAIDs
gentamicin
lithium
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5
Q

what are examples of thiazide diuretics?

A

bendrofluazide, metolazone, chlortalidone

inhibit NaCl transporter in DCT and increase NaCl excretion

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6
Q

what are are side effects of thiazide diuretics?

A

hypokalamia
hyponatraemia

hypercalcaemia, increased urate, glucose + DM
postural hypotension

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7
Q

what are CI of thiazide diuretics?

A

refractory hypokalaemia
gout
severe renal failure

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8
Q

what are interactions of thiazide diuretics?

A

increase toxicity of:
digoxin
lithium

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9
Q

what are examples of aldosterone receptor antagonists?

A

spironolocatone
eplerenone
increase na excretion, decrease k + h excretion

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10
Q

what re side effects of aldosterone receptor antagonists?

A

hyperkalaemia

gynaecomastia in spiro

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11
Q

what are CI of aldosterone receptor antagonists?

A

hyperkalaemia
addisons
p?

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12
Q

what are interactions of aldost. receptor antagonsits?

A

increase toxicity of dig + li

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13
Q

what are the side effects of ACE-I?

A

hypotension- esp with diuretics, HF
RF
hyperkalaemia
dry cough

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14
Q

what are the CI of ACE-i?

A

bilateral RAS

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15
Q

what are interactions of ACE-i?

A

increase risk factors with NSAIDs

diuretics, TCAS + antipsychotics increase risk of hypotension

caution with drugs that increase K+ like spiro

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16
Q

what are side effects of bb?

A

bronchospasm
decrease HR + BP

peripheral vasoconstriction- col extremities, worsen raynaud’s/PVD
lethargy/fatigue/nightmares
risk of new onset DM esp wtih thiazides

17
Q

what are CI of bb?

A 
asthma/bronchospasm
PVD
severe bradycardia/HF
2-3rd degree AV block 
caution in DM 
decrease dose i renal impairment
18
Q

what are interactions of bb?

A

verapamil/diltiazem- risk of AV block and bradycardia

19
Q

what are side effects of dihydropyridines (amlodipine-CCB)?

A 
flushing 
headache
ankle oedema
dizziness 
hypotension 
gingival hypertrophy with nifedipine
20
Q

what are CI to CCB dihydropyridines?

A

cardiogenic shock
unstable angina
significant AS
within 1month of MI

21
Q

what are interactions of CCB dihydropridines?

A

a/bb- risk of hypotension
grapefruit increases dose
rifampicin/phenytoin/CBZ decreases dose

nifedipine- increases digoxin

22
Q

what are side effects of non-dihydropyridines CCB (diltiazem, verapamil)

A 
headache
flushing
AV block 
HF
hypotension 
ankle oeema
constipation 
gynaecomastia- verapamil
23
Q

what are CI of non-dihydropyridines CCB (dilt/verapamil)

A

2/3rd degree AV block

24
Q

what are interactions of non-dihydropyridines CCB?

A

bb- risk of AV block, HF, asystole
increases digoxin
verapamil increased by grapefruit and macrolides

simvastain- increased myopathy risk

25
Q

what are the side effects of amiodarone?

A 
eye- corneal microdeposits
thyroid- hyper+hypo
lung- pulmonary fibrosis
GI/LIVER- raised LFT, n+v
neuro- peripheral neuropathy 
skin- photosensitivity, blue-grey disc, phlebitis
26
Q

what are CI of amiodarone?

A

thyroid disease
sinus bradycardia
elongated QTc -> TdP

27
Q

what interactions are there with amiodarone?

A

increases level sof- digoxin, warfarin, phenytoin

increaes risk of vent arrythmias with TCAS, antypsychotics, erythromycin

28
Q

what are the side effects of digoxin?

A

toxicity:

  • any arrhytmia- SVT with AV block
  • nausea
  • xanthopsia
  • confusion
  • hyperkalaemia

chronic - gynaecomastia

29
Q

what are CI to digoxin?

A

complete heart bock
VF/VT
HOCM
SVTs secondary to WPW

30
Q

what are digoxin interactions?

A

increased by
- CCB esp verapamil, amiodarone, diuretics (loop/thiazide due to hypokalaemia)

decreases by- antacids, cholestyramine

31
Q

what are side effects of adenosine?

A 
bronchospasm
chest pain 
flushing
nausea
light headedness
32
Q

what are CI in adenosine?

A

asthma
heart block 2/3
sick sinus syndrome

33
Q

what are interactions of adenosine?

A

increased by dipyridamole

decreased by theophylline

34
Q

what are the side effects of aspirin?

A

gastritis
gastric ulceration
bleeding
bronchospasm

renal failure
gout
ototoxic in OD- tinnitus

35
Q

what are CI in aspriin?

A

<16yo- reyes syndrome except in kawasakis
active PUD
bleeding disorders
gout

caution in asthma, uncontrolled HTN

36
Q

what are interactions of aspirin?

A

increases with sulfonylureas, methotrexate

increased risk of bleeding with other anticoag/plat

37
Q

what are the side effects of clopidogrel?

A

bleeding- GI/intracranial
GI puset
dyspepsia/PU
TTP- rare

38
Q

what are CI of clopidogrel?

A

severe liver disease

avoid with warfarin

PSA (2 decks)

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