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Pccn > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

What decreases preload

A

Hypovolemia
Arrhythmia
Venous dilation
Loss of atrial kick

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2
Q

What increases preload in the left heart

A

Atrial or mitral disease
Volume overload
LV failure or dysfunction
Cardiac tamponade or effusion

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3
Q

What increases preload in the right heart?

A 
RV failure due To ischemia 
Increase pulmonary resistance
Cardiac tamponade or effusion
Volume overload
LV failure
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4
Q

What decreases after load

A

Vasodilation
Sepsis
Vasodilator therapies

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5
Q

What increases after load in the right heart

A

Pulmonary hypertension,
hypoxemia,
Pulmonic stenosis

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6
Q

What increases after load in the left heart

A

Vasoconstriction
Vasopressors
Hypothermia
Aortic stenosis

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7
Q

What decreases myocardial contractility

A 
Parasympathetic stimulation
Negative inotropic therapies
     .. BB
      .. Calcium channel blockers
Metabolic states
  1. Hyperkalemia 
  2. Myocardial ischemia/ infarct
  3. Acidosis
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8
Q

What increases contractility

A 
Sympathetic stimulation
Inotropic therapies
  1. Epi
  2. Dopamine
  3. Digoxin
  4. Calcium
Metabolic state
  1. Hypercalcemia
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9
Q

What major complications are scene with an obstruction of the LAD

A

Cardiogenic shock
Bundle branch block
Ventricular dysrhythmias

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10
Q

What area is affected by a block in the LED. What leads can you see this in?

A

Location is the anterior heart. Leads are v 1, v2, v3 v4

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11
Q

What are the major complications of a black in the RCA

A

Bradycardia and heart blocks

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12
Q

What area is affected put a block in the RCA what leads do you see this in

A

When are CA is blacked you can see an inferior of the heart. Seen in Leads II, III and a VF

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13
Q

What major complications are seen with a circumflex block?

A

Some heart blocks

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14
Q

What area is affected with a infarction of the circumflex artery. What leads is it seen in?

A

The lateral aspect of the heart. Seen in Leeds I, V5, V6 and AVL

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15
Q

Contraindications to giving thrombolytic agents in an AMI….

A

Active bleeding
Aortic dissection
Cerebral neoplasm
Hx of intracranial hemorrhage
Recent(2 month) intracranial or intraspinal sx or trauma
Cerebral vascular d
Severe uncontrolled hypertension >180/110

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16
Q

What are some interventions should bleeding occur while giving anti thrombotics?

A

Stop infusion
Administer cryoprecipatite, FFP, platelets
Aminocaproic acid ( Amicar)

17
Q

What are signs and symptoms of a PE?

A

Dyspnea, plueritic CP

Tachypnea
Refractory hopoxemia
Hypoxemia with respiratory alkalosis
Fat emboli.....petechia in thorax and upper extremities 
Cardiac.... tachy
      Cyanosis
    jVD
 Rev failure .... increased resistance/afterload and load s2
T wave abnormalities
18
Q

What are the normal lab values for phosphate?

A

2.5-4.5

19
Q

What are normal chloride values?

A

96-109

20
Q

What are signs of hyponatremia?

A 
HA
Fatigue
Apathy
Seizures
Confusion
Drop in CVP
Orthostatic hypotension
N/D abdominal cramps
Muscle weakness
21
Q

What are signs of hypernatremia?

A 
Restlessness
Irritability 
Lethargy
Seizures
Tachycardia
Degydration
Orthorstatic hypotention
22
Q

What are the signs of hypokalemia?

A 
Decreased reflexes
Confusion
Dropnin BP
Dysrhythmias-ventricular 
V/N
Dilute urine
Water loss
Thirst
Weak and flaccid muscles
Depressed st segments
Inverted t wave
23
Q

What are the signs of hyperkalemia?

A 
Numbness
Paresthesias
Hyporeflexia
Vfib
N/V/D
Oliguria, Anuria 
Flaccid paralysis
Tall twaves
Flat or absent p waves
Wide QRS
24
Q

Signs of hypocalcemia

A 
Calcium helps relax
Tingling/convultions
Laryngeal and bronchispasm
Dysrhythmias, brushing, bleeding
Muscle spasms 
Tetany
Prolonged st segment
Prolonged Qt segment
Torsades de pointe
Decreased HR
25
Q

Signs of hypercalcemia

A 
Decreased reflexes
Lethargy
Depressed activity
Dysrhythmias 
Decreased Gi motility—- calk poo
N/V
Kidney stones
Hypotonia
Fractures/Osteoporosis (Ca+ in blood not bones)
Short St/QT intervals
Heart blocks

CALCIUM RELAXES!

26
Q

Sign of hypomagnesemia?

A 
Alkalosis!
Hyper reflexes
Convulsions
Paresthesia 
Ataxia
Seizures
Dysrhythmias 
Tacky
Hypertension
Vasoconstriction

Pccn (1 decks)

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