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Pediatric 3 Exam 2 > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Most common type of heart defect

A

Ventricular septal

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2
Q

Because mortality rate is ______, the population of people with CHDs is _____

A

Decreasing

Growing

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3
Q

3 Left-to-Right Shunt problems

A
  1. Ventricular Septal Defect
  2. Persistent Ductus Arteriosus
  3. Atrial Septal Defect
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4
Q

3 Outflow problems

A
  1. Pulmonary Stenosis
  2. Aortic Stenosis
  3. Coarctation of the aorta
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5
Q

2 Cyanotic problems

A
  1. Tetralogy of Fallot

2. Transposition of the great arteries

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6
Q

Abnormal opening between the right and left atria

A

Atrial Septal Defect

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7
Q

Potential problems if an ASD is large

A

Hypertension, right side heart enlargement, cardiac heart failure, atrial arrhythmias, stroke

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8
Q

4 types of ASD

A
  1. Secundum
  2. Sinus Venosus Type
  3. Ostium Premium
  4. Coronary Sinus Atrial Septal Defect
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9
Q

Most common ASD

A

Secundum

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10
Q

Failure of the atrial septum to close during development

A

Secundum ASD

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11
Q

Drainage of the right pulmonary vein into the right atria instead of the left

A

Sinus Venosus Type ASD

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12
Q

Clefting of the mitral valve

A

Ostium Premium

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13
Q

Ostium Premium is commonly associated with what type of patients?

A

Down Syndrome

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14
Q

More rare type of ASD

A

Coronary Sinus ASD

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15
Q

Fontan Circulation

A

Similar to having one ventricle (VSD)

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16
Q

3 types of VSD

A
  1. Membranous
  2. Muscular
  3. Atrioventricular Canal Type VSD
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17
Q

2 types of Muscular VSD

A
  1. Singular

2. Multiple

18
Q

Most common type of VSD

A

Membranous

19
Q

Type of VSD that often spontaneously closes (no surgery needed)

A

Singular muscular VSD

20
Q

What appearance does multiple muscular VSD have?

A

Swiss cheese

21
Q

The atriventricular canal type VSD occurs near the ____

A

Tricuspid

22
Q

A patent ductus arteriosus leads to blood traveling from the _____ to the _____

A

Aorta

Pulmonary artery

23
Q

Initially, a patent ductus arteriosus is _____ (cyanotic/acyanotic), and leads to _____ (cyanotic/acyanotic) if not treated

A

Acyanotic

Cyanotic

24
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot has a ____ predilection

A

Male

25
Q

Most common cyanotic defect after 1 yo

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

26
Q

4 Features of Tetralogy of Fallot

A
  1. VSD
  2. Pulmonary stenosis
  3. R Ventricular hypertrophy
  4. Transposition of the aorta
27
Q

Narrowing of the aorta

A

Coarctation

28
Q

Coarctation causes upper body _____ (hypertension/hypotension) and lower body _____ (hypertension/hypotension)

A

HTN

Hypotension

29
Q

Where does coarctation of the aorta typically occur?

A

Where ductus arteriosus closes

30
Q

What type of patient is more likely to get infective endocarditis?

A

Heart transplant recipients during the first 6 months after their transplant

31
Q

3 pediatric patients that require prophylaxis?

A
  1. Cyanotic CHD
  2. 6 months after repair procedure
  3. CHD with residual defects
32
Q

What dental treatments require prophylaxis?

A

Manipulation of gingival tissue/periapical region of the tooth, perforation of the oral mucosa

33
Q

What medications can worsen the cardiovascular status?

A

Respiratory depressants such as opioids, barbituates, and other sedatives

34
Q

What agents can produce tachycardia?

A

Atropine and similar agents

35
Q

A small amount of epi in a cardiac patient is okay EXCEPT in patients with:

A

Restricted outflow track defects

36
Q

What post-opmedication should you NOT use in cardiac patients? What should you use? Why?

A

Avoid NSAIDS
Use acetaminophen
Increased risk of bleeding, can exacerbate heart failure

37
Q

Normal INR

A

0.9-1.3

38
Q

Therapeutic range of INR

A

2-4

39
Q

Most appropriate level of anticoagulation for dental extractions (INR = __-__)

A

1.5-2.4

40
Q

A high INR indicates _________. A low INR indicates ______.

A 
High = high chance of bleeding
Low = high chance of clotting

Pediatric 3 Exam 2 (1 decks)

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