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diagnostic imaging #2 > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Primary cause of death and disability in the US

A
  1. CHA (coronary heart disease)
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2
Q

1 out of every (?) deaths are caused by CHD

A

5

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3
Q

based on the slides what has is the most valuable modifiable risk factor

A

diet

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4
Q

Essential substance required for synthesis of:
Cell membranes
Steroid hormones
Multiple other compounds utilized in daily physiological processes

A

cholesterol

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5
Q

Transport cholesterol and triglycerides

A

Lipid proteins

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6
Q

Transport dietary exogenous triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol from the

intestines to the liver

A

Chylomicrons

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7
Q

Transport endogenous cholesterol from the tissues to the liver

A

HDL

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8
Q

Transport TG & cholesterol from liver into circulation

A

VLDL

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9
Q

Transport TG & cholesterol within circulation

A

LDL

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10
Q

total cholesterol

A

TC: HDL+LDL+VDL

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11
Q

Good cholesterol

A

HDL

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12
Q

TG are elevated when

A

non fasting state

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13
Q

when fasting what cant you have

A

coffee

cum

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14
Q

when fasting can you have water

A

yes

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15
Q

V-LDL carries what

A

primarily TG

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16
Q

what is the good Apolipoprotein

A

A-1

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17
Q

Responsible for reverse cholesterol transport

A

HDL

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18
Q

Fatty material and plaque are deposited in the wall of an artery

A

Atherogenesis

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19
Q

what is the initial stage of Atherogenesis

A

vesicle inflammation

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20
Q

most TG are found in what lipid protein

A

V-LDL

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21
Q

how to calculate V- LDL

A

TG/5

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22
Q

Friedewald equation

A

Total cholesterol= HDL+LDL+ VLDL

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23
Q

normal Total cholesterol

A

< 200 mg/dl

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24
Q

Normal HDL

A

> 40 mg/ dl

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25
Q

Normal V-LDL

A

<30 mg/ dl

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26
Q

Normal LDL

A

< 130 mg/dl

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27
Q

Normal TG levels

A

< 150 mg/dl

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28
Q

3 issues on EKG that would indicate an oh shit

A
  1. T wave inversion
  2. ST elevation
  3. Abnormal Q wave
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29
Q

T wave inversion indicates what

A

ischemia

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30
Q

ST elevation indicates

A

acute MI

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31
Q

Abnormal Q wave indicates what

A

tissue death

32
Q

CK or CPK stands for what

A

Creatine Kinase

33
Q

Creatine Kinase is located where

A

94% CK-MM: muscle
6% CK-MB: Heart
0% CK-BB: Brain

These percentages are what you should find in the brain

34
Q

Creatine Kinase hour by hour

A

Rise 4-6 hours , peak 18-24 hours, normalizes 48-72 hours

35
Q

How is the sensitivity of CKMB for acute MI

A

Dog shit sn: 52%

36
Q

with cardiac biomarkes MB stands for what

A

myoglobin

37
Q

MB hour by hour

A

Rise in 2-4, peak 6-12, normalize 24-36

38
Q

SN and SP for MB

A

Sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 99%

39
Q

most SN cardiobiomarcker for acute MI

A

troponin I (sn99%)

40
Q

timeline hour by hour for troponin C

A

Increases within 2-6, peak 18-24 hours, hours and normalizes in 7-14 days

41
Q

Cut off values for troponin I

A

.04 MI

42
Q

Most specific test for MI

A

MB

43
Q

Secreted primarily by the ventricular myocardium in response to wall stress
Ventricular volume expansion
Pressure overload

A

BNP

44
Q

BNP value for CHF

A

> 400pg/ml

45
Q

High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein tests for what

A

inflammatory disorders

46
Q

A prothrombin time tests what

A

clotting time

47
Q

INR is associated with what

A

clotting time

48
Q

Injury to a vein or artery activates the coagulation cascade, creating a blood clot.

A

D dimer (SP but not SN)

49
Q

Biggest contribute to cardiovascular disease

A

coronary heart disease

50
Q

Biggest modifiable risk factor to coronary heart disease

A

poor diet

51
Q

what race has the highest cholesterol

A

mexican

52
Q

Transport cholesterol and triglycerides

A

Lipid proteins

53
Q

Cell membranes
Steroid hormones
Multiple other compounds utilized in daily physiological processes

A

cholesterol

54
Q

Transport dietary exogenous triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol from the intestines to the liver

A

Chylomicrons

55
Q

Chylomicrons and VLDL have greatest concentration of what

A

TG’s

56
Q

How long do you have to fast for a TG test

A

8-10 hours

57
Q

Pre-cursor of IDL and LDL

A

V-LDL

58
Q

Contains Apolipoprotein B

A

VLDL

59
Q

Densest and smallest of lipoproteins

Contains Apolipoprotein A-1

A

HDL

60
Q

Atherosclerosis starts in what decade of life

A

1st

61
Q

The Friedewald equation should not be used under the following circumstances:

A

When chylomicrons are present which means that the patient should be fasting for 8 to 10 hours
When plasma triglyceride concentration exceeds 400 mg/dL

62
Q

C reative protein has to do with what

A

vascular injury

63
Q

PT is a coagulation test that measures the time it takes to form a firm fibrin clot after thromboplastin (factor III) and calcium are added to the serum sample.

A

PT/ INR

prothrombin time

64
Q

who clots faster children or adults

A

children

65
Q

Injury to a vein or artery activates the coagulation cascade, creating a blood clot.

A

D dimer

66
Q

D dimer is highly …

A

sensitive

67
Q

How long do halter monitors record

A

1-2 days

68
Q

How long do event reorders monitor

A

2-30 days

69
Q

until what % do you do a cardiac stress test

A

85%

70
Q

Dobutamine

Adenosine

A

chemical stress test

71
Q

Detection and recording of timing and conduction of electrical impulses
Induce arrhythmias and see where they originate

A

EPS

72
Q

what do you not want on a dopler vein

A

red- This means it;s moving fast

73
Q

what test looks at the structure of teh heart

A

echo

74
Q

Transesophageal Echocardiography

A

looks at posterior heart

75
Q

what is the best test for vesicle

A

CT

76
Q

best for valves and coronary arteries

A

cardiac catheterization

77
Q

Measures pressure in the RA and RV pulmonary artery

A

Swan Ganz catheter

diagnostic imaging #2 (8 decks)

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