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Cardiac > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Two treatments for Symptomatic bradycardia

A

Transcutaneous pacing

Atropine

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2
Q

Priority treatment for v-fib and pulseless v-tach

A

Defibrillation

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3
Q

Treatment for symptomatic tachycardia

A

Cardioversion

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4
Q

When should we start CPR

A

No pulse

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5
Q

How do we know if our patients have adequate oxygen: Nursing assessment

A

Do the pupils react to light

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6
Q

Amiodarone can help with these heart rhythms

A

PVCs

A-fib

A-flutter

V-tach

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7
Q

Organ typically damaged during CPR

A

Liver

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8
Q

Interval of time a person can survive without oxygen

A

4-6 minutes

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9
Q

How does clonidine work

A

Drops blood pressure

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10
Q

Common side effects of clonidine

A

Impotence

Dry mouth

Visual disturbances

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11
Q

What HR should we hold the beta blocker

A

< 50

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12
Q

Formula for CO

A

SV x HR

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13
Q

Decreased CO, ____ Tissue perfusion

A

Decreased

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14
Q

(3) Directly influences CO

A

HR

BP

Contractions

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15
Q

Findings of LOW CO

A

Decreased LOC

Sweaty skin

Diminished pulses

Bradycardia

Wet lung sounds

Decreased urinary output

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16
Q

Abnormal Heart rhythms that can lead to death

A

Asystole

Pulseless v-tach

V-fib

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17
Q

Stroke Volume

A

Blood is pumped from L. Ventricle/minute

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18
Q

Positive Homan sign is an indicator for:

A

DVT

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19
Q

Positive Homan sign

A

Pain in the calf upon flexing the knee and arching or cramping upon dorsiflexion of the foot.

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20
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood from the heart

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21
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood to the heart

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22
Q

Arterial disorders =

A

Oxygenation

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23
Q

Hallmark sign of any arterial disorder

A

Claudication

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24
Q

Claudication

A

Pain caused by too little blood flow during exercise

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25
Q

Elevate ____

A

Veins

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26
Q

Dangle ____

A

Arteries

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27
Q

Findings of PAD

A

Shiny leg

Hairless extremity

Pale and Cold extremity

Diminished pulse

Numbness and pain at rest

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28
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A

Fluid on the heart

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29
Q

Findings of tamponade

A

Decrease BP

Increased CVP

Muffled sounds

JVD

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30
Q

Classic sign of tamponade

A

Muffled sounds

Increased CVP

Narrow pulse

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31
Q

Treatment for tamponade

A

Pericardiocentesis

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32
Q

Pericardiocentesis

A

Fluid is taken from the pericardium

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33
Q

pulmonary Embolism

A

Fluid in the lungs

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34
Q

When does PE normally occur

A

night time

We pull fluids from our legs while we are supine

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35
Q

People who typically get a PE

A

Anyone with too much fluid

Kidney and heart failure patients

Very old patients

Very young patients

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36
Q

Findings of PE

A

HYPOXIA

a productive cough

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37
Q

Priority nursing intervention for PE

A

Oxygen

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38
Q

Typical med prescribed to treat PE

A

Lasix

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39
Q

Nitroglycerine

A

Vasodilator

40
Q

Typical med prescribed for chest pain

A

Nitroglycerine

41
Q

Nesiritide

A

IV vasodilator

42
Q

Nesiritide can affect this lab value

A

BNP

Turn off infusion at least two hours PRIOR to BNP lab draw

43
Q

Position to relieve PE

A

Up Right

44
Q

Purpose of a pacemaker

A

Keep heart rate above bradycardia

45
Q

Demand pacer

A

Kicks in when the HR drops below 60

46
Q

Fixed rate pacer

A

Predetermined rate to kick in

47
Q

Complication of pacemaker

A

Dislodged electrodes

48
Q

After the pacemaker is placed in a client, what should we instruct them to do with their arms

A

Immobolize it

Do not raise it over a certain point

49
Q

Exercises we can do with our patient after a pacer is placed

A

Passive range motions

50
Q

Loss of capture

A

Do not see the p wave or QRS interval after pacer spike

51
Q

Failure to sense

A

No pacer spike with P wave or QRS interval

52
Q

How often should someone with a pacer check their pulse

A

Daily

53
Q

Should be avoided with anyone who has a pacemaker

A

MRIs

Cell phones

54
Q

5 heart disorders that put you at risk for failure

A

HTN

MI

Cardiomyopathy

Heart disease

Endocarditis

55
Q

Left-sided heart failure

A

Blood backed up into the lungs

56
Q

Right-sided heart failure

A

Systemic heart failure

57
Q

Findings of Left-sided heart failure

A

SOB

A productive cough

Congestion

SOB laying down (Orthopnea)

Restlessness

Bloody sputum

58
Q

Findings of right-sided heart failure

A

Edema

Large ORGANS

JVD

Bounding pulse

Ascites

Weight gain

59
Q

Systolic heart failure

A

No contraction

60
Q

Diastolic heart failure

A

No fill in ventricles

61
Q

Lab used to identify heart failure

A

BNP

62
Q

Normal BNP Level

A

< 100

63
Q

A diagnostic test to identify HF

A

Echocardiogram

64
Q

Echocardiogram

A

Looks at the ejection fracture of the heart

65
Q

Normal ejection fracture

A

.55-.7

66
Q

HF medication regiment

A

Ace inhibitor and ARBs

67
Q

A medication commonly used for HF

A

Ace inhibitors

68
Q

How do ace inhibitors work

A

Causes vessels to widen to decrease blood pressure

69
Q

How do ARBs work

A

Same principle as an ace inhibitor. Widen blood vessels to decrease blood pressure

70
Q

Example ARB

A

Losartan

71
Q

Inhibited by ARBs and Ace inhibitors

A

Aldosterone - Helps us keep fluids and sodium

72
Q

We always retain this electrolyte with ace inhibitors

A

Potassium

73
Q

Drug regiment for HF patients being D/C

A

Beta-blocker and diuretic

74
Q

Digoxin

A

Inotropic - makes the heart beat stronger

used to fix AFIB and HF

75
Q

The expected outcome of digoxin

A

Better cardiac output

76
Q

Finding of digoxin toxicity

A

VISUAL ISSUES

Irregular HB

77
Q

Check prior to giving digoxin

A

Apical pulse

78
Q

The cause of digoxin toxicity

A

Low potassium + Digoxin

79
Q

Lab to check prior to given digoxin

A

Potassium

80
Q

When should we administer diuretics

A

Early in the day

NEVER AT NIGHT TIME

81
Q

Diet modification for HF

A

Low sodium

Decrease fluids

82
Q

The best position for someone with heart failure

A

High fowlers

83
Q

Cardiac rehab interventions to prevent heart failure (4)

A

No straining ( Docusate)

No Valsalva

No smoking

84
Q

When can our client start having sex again

A

if they can walk around the block or a set of stairs without pain

85
Q

The safest time for a client with HF to have sex

A

in the mornings

86
Q

Best exercise for a client with HF

A

Walking

87
Q

Findings of Hf

A

2-3 pound weight gain

LLE edema

SOB

88
Q

Angioplasty

A

The balloon used to widen a blocked vessel

89
Q

Stent

A

Tube used to widen a vessel

90
Q

Complication of angioplasty

A

Heart Attack

91
Q

Response to MI during angioplasty

A

Prepare for surgery

92
Q

Complication post angioplasty

A

Angina

93
Q

Medication typically prescribed after a stent is placed

A

Antiplatelt meds

94
Q

Considered antiplatelets

A

Aspirin

Plavix

Abciximab

95
Q

CABG

A

Open heart surgery

96
Q

The expected outcome of a CABG

A

Occlusion went from the left main artery

97
Q

Left main coronary artery occlusion =

A

death

Cardiac (3 decks)

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