Cardiac

Question 1

Cardiac Tamponade clinical symptoms

Answer 1

1) Muffled heart tones
2) Cardiac output and BP drop
3) Pulse increases
4) JVD
5) Pulsus Paradoxus
6) Narrowed pulse pressure

Question 2

Atropine

Answer 2

• Use: For patient experiencing symptomatic bradycardia

- Works by: Increasing HR by inhibiting the action of the vagus nerve (parasympatholytic) effect

Question 3

Loop diuretics

• End in:
• Used to treat:
• When administering loop diuretics it is important to monitor what?

Answer 3

• End in: ide (furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide)
• Used to treat: Fluid retention (heart failure, cirrhosis)
• Monitor: vital signs (BP), serum electrolytes (potassium), kidney function tests (BUN, Creatinine). In order to prevent side effects such as hypotension, hypokalemia, and kidney injury

Question 4

Mean arterial blood pressure

Answer 4

70-105 mm Hg

- >60 is needed for adequate tissue perfusion to vital organs (brain, coronary artery)

Question 5

Semi Fowler’s Position

Answer 5

30-45 degrees

Question 6

Why are NSAIDs contraindicated in those with heart failure?

Answer 6

They contribute sodium retention, and therefore fluid retention.

Question 7

When are thrombolytics administered for a MI with no cath lab?

Answer 7

Within 12 hours of symptom onset

Question 8

Clinical manifestations characteristic for lower extremity DVT

Answer 8

1) Unilateral edema
2) Calf pain or tenderness to touch
3) Warmth and erythema
4) Low grade temperature

Question 9

Blue and cyanotic toes are normally seen with?

Answer 9

Acute arterial occlusion such as an embolism or severe vasoconstriction

Question 10

Dry, shiny, hairless skin is usually associated with?

Answer 10

Chronic peripheral atherosclerotic arterial disease

Question 11

Cold sensitivity=

Answer 11

Raynaud Phenomenon

Question 12

Therapeutic INR Levels

Answer 12

2.5-3.5

Question 13

Sodium Nitroprusside

• What is it?
• How does it work?
• When is it commonly used?
• What are conditions it can be used in?
• Main adverse effect?

Answer 13

• It is a potent vasodilator (venous and arteriolar)
• Venous dilation reduces preload and arterial dilation reduces afterload
• Commonly used in hypertensive emergencies and in conditions in which blood pressure control is important
• Common conditions: Short term treatment of acute decompensated HF
• Main adverse effect: Symptomatic hypotension