Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Surg 2 > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

s/s heart disease

A

dyspnea
orthopnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
consider also sleep apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CPAP

A

constant positive airway pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

BiPAP

A

bi level positive airway pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

BiPAP function

A

assists in breathing

helps keep airway open and lungs inflated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cardiac assessment

A 
edema
weight gain
syncope
palpations
fatigue
chest pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cardiac conditions causing chest pain

A

ischemic heart disease
pericarditis
aortic dissection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

non cardiac conditions causing chest pain

A

pleurisy
pulmonary embolism
hiatal hernia
anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

chest pain assessment

A 
quality
intensity
association manifestations
aggravating factors
relieving factors
age 
gender
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

troponin I

A

enzyme specific to heart muscle, immediately released, lasts for 1 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

LDH

A

lactic dehydrogenase
rises within 8-12 hours post MI
persists for 8-14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CK-MB

A

creatine kinase myoglobin

rises for first 3 days POST MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ESR

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate
elevated in cardiac muscle damage
females - up to 20 mm/hr
males - up to 15 mm/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

myoglobin

A

O2 binding protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscle

peaks in 4-6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CK

A

poor marker

injured skeletal muscle peaks in 12-18 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CRP

A

marker for inflammation, may include infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

homocysteine levels

A

elevated levels are associated with coronary vessel disease

elevated >16 pmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

BNP

A

brain natriuretic peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is BNP specific to?

A

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does BNP help regulate

A

BP and fluid volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where is BNP excreted from?

A

ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what response is BNP excreted due to

A

in response to increase preload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what level of BNP is considered mild vs severe CHF

A

mild - 51.2pg/mL

severe - >1000pg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

nursing interventions for cardiac disease

A

lifestyle changes
behavioral modifications
education about pharmacological therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what kinds of lifestyle changes are involved

A 
dietary 
exercise
smoking cessation
reduction of stress
use of support system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how many calories are allotted per day by AHA and ADA?

A

1200 women

1600 men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

nutrition can impact?

A

HTN
dyslipidemia
glucose levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

DASH diet

A

an eating plan for lowering HTN and reducing obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

DASH diet emphasis

A

fruits, nuts, veggies
low fat diary
complex carbs
restricts saturated fats and sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

mediterranean diet characteristics?

A

doesn’t emphasize low fat dairy
no Na restriction required
favorable impact on obesity and other metabolic factors

30
Q

is mediterranean diet vs DASH diet in reducing HTN

A

not as effective

31
Q

result of reducing intake of simple carbs

A

reduces avg glycosylated hb (A1C)

32
Q

atherogenic diet

A

eating pattern compromised of high level of fat and refined carbs.
linked to elevated triglycerides and reduced levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL -C)

33
Q

which fats do you consume less of to reduce weight?

A

saturated fats
transfats
refined carbs

34
Q

which oil reduces plasma lipid profile and reduces blood pressure?

A

Fish oil - omega 3

35
Q

recommended exercise?

A

aerobic
30 min/day 5 days/week
undertaken slowly
increases based on client tolerance

36
Q

smoking interventions

A 
educate patient on benefit
record # of cigs smoked daily for 1 week
review diary and ask patient to select time they can avoid
recommend support group
medications
37
Q

which hormones does stress release?

A

NE, epinephrine, cortisol

38
Q

types of meds for cardiac patients

A

cardiac meds
cholesterol lowering meds
antithrombotic meds

39
Q

patient teaching for cardiac

A

monitor BP

keep journal of diet, exercise, BP, Glucose

40
Q

types of meds prescribed for CHF or HTN

A

diuretics

41
Q

common diuretics

A

Loop - Furosemide (Lasix)

Potassium sparing - Spironolactone (Aldactone)

42
Q

s/e of thiazides

A

increase Glu

decrease K+

43
Q

s/e of loop diuretics

A

low K+ levels
dizziness
may need sunscreen

44
Q

s/e of K+ sparing diuretics

A

monitor K+ levels

avoid Na and K substitutes

45
Q

purpose of ace inhibitors

A

vasodilation

inhibits conversion of angiotensin from the lung

46
Q

ARBS

A

angiotensin II receptor blockers
ie: Benicar
restructures the heart

47
Q

how are ace inhibitors and arbs effective

A

protect the kd function
control HTN
prevent inschemic cardiovascular disease

48
Q

ace inhibitor s/e

A

persistent cough

may increase K+

49
Q

ARB s/e

A

dizziness

may increase K+ levels

50
Q

when are Ca Chan blockers prescribed?

A

post CHF and MI (Procardia)

for HTN

51
Q

beta blockers are also used for?

A 
HTN 
post CHF (inderal)
52
Q

example of alpha blocker

A

Minipress

53
Q

s/e of Ca chan blockers

A

SOB, peripheral edema, slows heart rate

54
Q

education about Ca chan blockers

A

use TED hose

55
Q

beta blocker s/e

A

dizziness
fatigue
exercise intolerance
wheezing

56
Q

beta blocker teaching

A

monitor VS
do not stop abruptly - rebound
selective vs non selective
masks low blood sugar

57
Q

alpha blockers teaching

A

orthostatic hypotension

masks low blood sugar

58
Q

who is prescribed alpha blockers

A

Bph patients

59
Q

direct vasodilators s/e

Apresoline

A

h/a
fluid retention
fast heart rate

60
Q

Catapres teaching

A

do not stop abruptly

fatigue

61
Q

digoxin

A

cardiac glycoside

prescribed post CHF and tachyarrhythmia

62
Q

action of digoxin

A

increases intracellular ca and allows more ca to enter cell during depolarization
prolongs action potential
slows conduction and HR
increases force of myocardial contraction

63
Q

interventions for digoxin

A

check apical HR before administer - need to check > 1 min; > 60 BPM
watch for toxicity - drowsy, abd pain, anorexia, vomiting, visual disturbance and yellow halos
check other labs - K, Ca, Mg
monitor digoxin levels -

64
Q

statin s/e

A

Lv Kd function affected

muscle pain - Rhabdomyolysis

65
Q

fibric acid derivative s/e (Lopid)

A

Lv function

muscle pain

66
Q

Niacin s/e

A

flushing - feels like skin burning off
Lv affected
increase Glu level

67
Q

what else is prescribed in addition to statin (lipitor) for high cholesterol

A 
fibrate acid derivative (Lopid)
Niacin
cholesterol absorption inhibitor (Zetia)
Lipid combo (Vytorian)
Bile Acid sequestrant (Questran)
68
Q

Bile acid sequestrant teaching

A

can’t take with other meds

aka metamucil

69
Q

Zetia s/e

A

monitor Lv enzymes

70
Q

Vytorian s/e

A

muscle pain

monitor Lv enzymes

71
Q

Questran s/e

A

GI disturbance

watch dosing schedule

72
Q

mechanism of drug food interaction with grapefruit

A

involving specific isoform of cytochrome p450 cyp3a4 present in Lv and intestinal wall

Med Surg 2 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions