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PDCI Second Semester > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

S1

A

mitral and tricuspid closure

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2
Q

S2

A

aortic and pulmonic closure

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3
Q

S1 or S2 normal inspiration split

A

S2

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4
Q

aortic valve auscultation location

A

right sternal ICS 2

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5
Q

pulmonic valve auscultation location

A

left sternal ICS 2

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6
Q

tricuspid valve auscultation location

A

left sternal ICS 5

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7
Q

mitral valve auscultation location

A

MCL ICS 5

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8
Q

S1 loudest at

A

MCL ICS 5 (mitral)

left sternal ICS 5 (tricuspid)

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9
Q

S2 loudest at

A

left sternal ICS 2 (pulmonic)

right sternal ICS 2 (aortic)

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10
Q

gallop

A

low pitch diastolic extra heart sound S3 or S4

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11
Q

S3

A

early diastole in mitral area due to audible mitral valve opening

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12
Q

S4

A

later diastole in mitral area due to stiff ventricles

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13
Q

S3 pathological or normal?

A

pathological in heart failure

normal in athletic or pregnant people

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14
Q

S4 pathological or normal

A

pathological in children

normal in older people

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15
Q

click/snap

A

high pitched extra sound during diastolic or systolic

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16
Q

ejection click (EC)

A

immediantly after S1 (systolic)

audible A/P valve opening

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17
Q

non ejection click

A

between S1 and S2 (systolic)

indicative of mitral valve prolapse

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18
Q

opening snap/click

A

after S2- early diastolic
audible M/T opening
earlier and higher pitched than a gallop

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19
Q

systolic ejection murmur description

A

diamond shaped between S1 and S2 due to forceful flow across a valve
audible S1- nonholoistic

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20
Q

cause of systolic ejection murmur

A

aortic or pulmonic stenosis

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21
Q

systolic regurge murmur descriptoin

A

flat between S1 and S2 due to back flow

inaudible S1- holostic

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22
Q

cause of systolic regorge murmur

A

mitral or tricuspid regurgitataion

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23
Q

diastolic ejection murmur descriptoin

A

diamond shaped between S2 and S1 caused by forceful flow across valve

24
Q

cause of diastolic ejection murmur

A

mitral or tricuspid valve stenosis

25
Q

diastolic regurge murmur description

A

tapered between S2 and S1 due to back flow

26
Q

diastolic regurge murmur cause

A

aortic or pulmonic regurgitation

27
Q

grade 1 murmur

A

inaudible

28
Q

grade 2 murmur

A

audible

29
Q

grade 3 murmur

A

loud

30
Q

grade 4 murmur

A

loud with thrill

31
Q

grade 5 murmur

A

loud with edge of sthethescope

32
Q

grade 6 murmur

A

audible without stethescope

33
Q

7 characteristics of innocent murmurs

A 
early systolic
ejection
aortic or pulmonic
grade 1 or 2
S2 inspiration split
no other sounds
normal history/labs
34
Q

7 things when reporting on murmurs

A 
loudness
phase
duration (holistic or not)
profile
pitch
best heard location
radiation
35
Q

how to measure jugular venous pressure

A

45 degree angle, measure point of pulsation from the sternal angle
4.5 cm is normal

36
Q

high JVP indicates

A

over hydration

lying down

37
Q

low JVP indicates

A

dehydration

standing up

38
Q

anacrotic pulse

A

peak later with slower increase

indicative of aortic valve stenosis

39
Q

waterhammer pulse

A

huge peak

indicative of aortic regurgitation

40
Q

alternans pulse

A

reduced peaks

indicative of heart failure

41
Q

paradoxical pulse

A

drop in systolic during inspiration and increase during expiration
indicative of cardiac tampanode

42
Q

thrill palpation

A

MCP joints

43
Q

local pulse palpatoin

A

fingers

44
Q

heave/lift palpation

A

heel of hand

45
Q

heave/lift indicative of

A

gross heart displacement (cardiomegaly)

46
Q

normal PMI location

A

MCL ICS 5

47
Q

what is a thrill

A

loud murmur

48
Q

phonocardiogram

A

visual representaion of heart sounds

49
Q

bell

A

low frequencies

50
Q

diaphragm

A

high frequencies

51
Q

auscultation starting point

A

mitral valve- PMI location

52
Q

pulses evaluated for

A 
amplitude
contour
symmetry
bruits
rate/rhythm
53
Q

heart orientation

A 
right = front
left = back
54
Q

PTCA

A

balloon angioplasty

55
Q

CABG

A

heart bypass surgery

56
Q

TEE

A

electrocardiogram directed through esophagus

57
Q

cor pulmonale

A

enlargement of RV due to chronic lung disease

PDCI Second Semester (6 decks)

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