Cardiac Flashcards
what is the enhancement pattern of cardiac myxomas
enhance with Gad
what are the most common locations for cardaic fibroelastomas
aortic valve, mitral valve
where is a membranous VSD?
just below the aortic valve and medial to the mitral valve
what are the most common causes of constrictive pericarditis?
surgery and XRT
what is shones complex?
mitral stenosis, subaortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation
in what coronary artery are aneurysms and fistula formation most common?
RCA
what is the CT protocol for endoleak evaluation?
three phase CT - non contrast, arterial, delayed
what is PAPVR with sinus venosus ASD associated with?
16% have persistent SVC draining into coronary sinus
what is an isolated left subclavian artery?
LSCA arises from the pulmonary artery not the aorta
what can result from partial absence of the left pericardium? which is worse, total or partial absence?
left atrial appendage herniation or ventricular herniation. partial absence is worse than total absence bc the LAA or LV can get herniated and strangulated.
what part of the heart is angiosarcoma most common in? sarcoma?
angiosarc: RA. sarcoma: in the ventricles (LV more).
what cells do interatrial lipomas contain?
kupffer cells - they take up sulfur colloid
what type of obstruction do cardiac lipomas in the interatrial septum cause?
can partially obstruct SVC and IVC
what is the most common location for myocarditis?
lateral wall of the LV
what are the two most common mets to the heart? what is the mechanism?
lung and breast. by lymphatic and direct invasion.
what syndromes is pulmonary stenosis/atresia associated with?
Noonan and williams syndrome
what is pentalogy of cantrell?
LV diverticulum, lower sternal defect, omphalocele, pericardial and diaphragm defects
what is ectopia cordis?
anterior chest wall abnormalities that result in the heart outside the thorax
what is metastatic calcification in the heart? what nuc med agent does it take up?
calcs in the myocardium in chronic renal failure patients on dialysis. takes up Tc99m pyrophosphate.
what is the drainage pattern of supracardiac cardiac, and infracardiac TAPVC?
supra: to SVC, left brachiocephalic to SVC, or azygous vein. cardiac: to coronary sinus or right atrium. infra: veins connect below the diaphragm to the IVC, hepatic or portal veins.
what is the pulmonary vascularity in ebstein anomlay?
normal or decreased
what is pentalogy of fallot?
tetralogy with an ASD
in what syndrome is there an increased incidence of cardiac fibromas?
basal cell nevus (gorlin syndrome): 2 or more basal cell ca, medulloblastoma, keratocyst of the jaw, ovarian and cardiac fibromas
what is a bovine arch
only 2 arteries arise from the aorta - the right brachiocepahlic gives rise to the R subclavian, RCC, LCC and the other branch is the left subclavian
