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MSK > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

what is the enhancement pattern of cardiac myxomas

A

enhance with Gad

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2
Q

what are the most common locations for cardaic fibroelastomas

A

aortic valve, mitral valve

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3
Q

where is a membranous VSD?

A

just below the aortic valve and medial to the mitral valve

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4
Q

what are the most common causes of constrictive pericarditis?

A

surgery and XRT

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5
Q

what is shones complex?

A

mitral stenosis, subaortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation

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6
Q

in what coronary artery are aneurysms and fistula formation most common?

A

RCA

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7
Q

what is the CT protocol for endoleak evaluation?

A

three phase CT - non contrast, arterial, delayed

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8
Q

what is PAPVR with sinus venosus ASD associated with?

A

16% have persistent SVC draining into coronary sinus

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9
Q

what is an isolated left subclavian artery?

A

LSCA arises from the pulmonary artery not the aorta

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10
Q

what can result from partial absence of the left pericardium? which is worse, total or partial absence?

A

left atrial appendage herniation or ventricular herniation. partial absence is worse than total absence bc the LAA or LV can get herniated and strangulated.

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11
Q

what part of the heart is angiosarcoma most common in? sarcoma?

A

angiosarc: RA. sarcoma: in the ventricles (LV more).

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12
Q

what cells do interatrial lipomas contain?

A

kupffer cells - they take up sulfur colloid

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13
Q

what type of obstruction do cardiac lipomas in the interatrial septum cause?

A

can partially obstruct SVC and IVC

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14
Q

what is the most common location for myocarditis?

A

lateral wall of the LV

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15
Q

what are the two most common mets to the heart? what is the mechanism?

A

lung and breast. by lymphatic and direct invasion.

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16
Q

what syndromes is pulmonary stenosis/atresia associated with?

A

Noonan and williams syndrome

17
Q

what is pentalogy of cantrell?

A

LV diverticulum, lower sternal defect, omphalocele, pericardial and diaphragm defects

18
Q

what is ectopia cordis?

A

anterior chest wall abnormalities that result in the heart outside the thorax

19
Q

what is metastatic calcification in the heart? what nuc med agent does it take up?

A

calcs in the myocardium in chronic renal failure patients on dialysis. takes up Tc99m pyrophosphate.

20
Q

what is the drainage pattern of supracardiac cardiac, and infracardiac TAPVC?

A

supra: to SVC, left brachiocephalic to SVC, or azygous vein. cardiac: to coronary sinus or right atrium. infra: veins connect below the diaphragm to the IVC, hepatic or portal veins.

21
Q

what is the pulmonary vascularity in ebstein anomlay?

A

normal or decreased

22
Q

what is pentalogy of fallot?

A

tetralogy with an ASD

23
Q

in what syndrome is there an increased incidence of cardiac fibromas?

A

basal cell nevus (gorlin syndrome): 2 or more basal cell ca, medulloblastoma, keratocyst of the jaw, ovarian and cardiac fibromas

24
Q

what is a bovine arch

A

only 2 arteries arise from the aorta - the right brachiocepahlic gives rise to the R subclavian, RCC, LCC and the other branch is the left subclavian

25
Q

what are the two most common pericardial tumors?

A

teratoma and malignant mesothelioma

26
Q

what are the cardiac problems associated with pectus excavatum?

A

compression of the right ventricle and mitral valve prolapse

27
Q

what type of image does a spin echo sequence produce? gradient echo?

A

spin echo- black blood, gradient echo - white blood

28
Q

what agent is used for perfusion imagin?

A

adenosin

29
Q

what is stunned myocardium? hibernating myocaridum?

A

stunned: normal function, abnl perfusion, no delayed enh. hibernating: abnl function, abnl perfusion, no delayed enh

30
Q

how much gadolinium is given in delayed enh imagin?

A

0.15-0.2 mmol/kg

31
Q

what is parachute defomrity of the mitral valve?

A

the chordae of both valve leaflets converge onto a single papillary muscle causing MV stenosis or regurg

32
Q

what is the drainage pattern of left sided PAPVR vs persistent left sided SVC?

A

left papvr: pulmonary vein goes to L brachiocephalic vein, and drains into SVC, persistent left svc: drains into coronary sinus

MSK (2 decks)

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