Cardiac

Question 1

What are the two types of gating used in Cardiac CT on the Legacy platform?

Answer 1

*Prospective - Calcium Score & Snapshot Pulse
*Retrospective - Cardiac Helical Acquisitions

Question 2

What is a full heart cycle?

Answer 2

R to R interval

Question 3

How many milliseconds are in a R to R interval with a 60 bpm hr? What would it be at at 75%?

Answer 3

1,000 ms; 750 ms

Question 4

As the heartrate decreases, the milliseconds within the R to R interval ______________________.

Answer 4

increases. (more time within that longer heartrate)

Question 5

Can we use alcohol to prep the patient’s skin prior to attaching lead?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

What can we use to prep patient

Answer 6

Nu-prep gel or dry gauze

Question 7

What areas should you avoid when placing leads?

Answer 7

Hair, scar tissue, tattoo’s, and muscle.

Question 8

What are the GE recommended electrodes? And where can a customer find them to order?

Answer 8

Dyna/Trace1500 by ConMed; Order info on top of Ivy Monitor

Question 9

What TYPE of electrodes should be used?

Answer 9

*Short term (ie exercise monitoring), not long term monitoring.
*New radio transluscent with sliver/silver chloride

Question 10

What is SnapShot Pulse?

Answer 10

-Step and shoot imaging
-Prospectively triggered
-Lower dose
-Designed for stable heart rates
-Halfscan acquisition window with 2 sided padding
-Beat irregularities between scans causes misregistration

Question 11

What is the key to prospective cardiac studies(Snapshot pulse)?

Answer 11

Low, stable heartrates

Question 12

What is SnapShot Segment?

Answer 12

-Cardiac Helical
-Low pitch retrospective gating
-Significantly higher dose compared to pulse
-For higher heartrates and/or moderate HR variations
-ECG modulated mA (mA can be higher/lower in phases)
-Greater flexibility and robustness

Question 13

What are the three scan modes in helical cardiac scanning?

Answer 13

-SnapShot Segment
-Snapshot Burst
-Snapshot Burst Plus

Question 14

What scan mode is used when the heart rate is 30-74?

Answer 14

30-74 bpm

Question 15

What scan mode is used when the heart rate is 75-113?

Answer 15

SnapShot Burst

Question 16

What scan mode is used when the heart rate is 114+?

Answer 16

SnapShot Burst Pluse

Question 17

Name that scan mode: lower heart rate that allows a motion free image in one heart cycle

Answer 17

SnapShot Segment

Question 18

What scan mode is used: Views needed to to make an image are obtained from two cardiac cycles (half from one and half from the next).

Answer 18

Snapshot Burst

Question 19

How many heart cycles can Snapshot Burst Plus use to create an image?

Answer 19

3-4

Question 20

What is Snapshot assist?

Answer 20

To assist in choosing prospective or retrospective imaging. There are prescriptions that can assign a configuration based on heart rates and variations.

Question 21

With a low HR we should scan at _________ ____%.

Answer 21

diastole 75%

Question 22

With a moderate HR we should scan at __________ _____%.

Answer 22

diastole 70-80%

Question 23

With an intermediate HR we should scan at ________________ _____%.

Answer 23

diastole and systole 40-55% & 70-80%

Question 24

With a high HR we should scan at ____________ _____%.

Answer 24

systole 40-55%

Question 25

When is snapshot freeze motion correction helpful?

Answer 25

Moderate to high HR

Question 26

Why do we scan in systole with higher heart rates?

Answer 26

The right coronary artery is affected by motion during diastole at higher heart rates. The RCA has more motion in systole.

Question 27

Explain Heartrate variation allowance

Answer 27

Accuracy of acquisition window HR is dependent on imaging within the tolerance of +/- 3 of predicted HR based on recorded HR.

Question 28

What are the HR variation allowance allowable values?

Answer 28

0 to 10 bpm

Question 29

What is Smart Arrhythmia Management (SAM)?

Answer 29

The system will automatically rescan with the same contrast injection where the prescribed cardiac phases were not successfully acquired. May double dose to patients with irregular heartrates but will not effect others

Question 30

What is Center Phase 1?

Answer 30

A recon will occur at the center of acquisition part 1 (e.g. 75%) This is the only option available in Primary

Question 31

What is Center Phase All?

Answer 31

Recons will occur at all acquisition parts that are obtained over 50% peak mA (e.g. 48% and 75%)

Question 32

What is Earliest to Latest?

Answer 32

A multi-phase recon within the acquisition parts over 50% peak mA (eg 40-55%, 70-80%)

Question 33

What is Earliest to Latest All?

Answer 33

A multi phase recon within all acquired data (eg 5-95%) regardless of mA.

Question 34

What is Smart Phase?

Answer 34

Will scan across a 40-55% at every 2% and find the phase with the least amount of motion during that acquisition window. Phase of least motion within the earliest acquisition part over 50% peak mA (within end systole)

Question 35

What is Smart Phase All?

Answer 35

Phase of least motion recons within each acquisition part over 50% peak mA (systole and diastole)

Question 36

Intelligent Boundary Registration

Answer 36

A filter on the AW for images with a break in the vessel requiring correction on 40/80 mm systems.

Question 37

Typically you will set the Table Position to "One" however, choose one or more for what types of scans?

Answer 37

For Bypass Graft, whole gated chest

Question 38

The Primary Recon will always be the _______________________.

Answer 38

center phase

Question 39

List phase type options available PRIOR to performing scan

Answer 39

- Center Phase (1) - Center Phase (All) - Earliest to Latest - Earliest to Latest (All) - Smart Phase - Smart Phase (All)