Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CCRN > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

first valve of the heart

A

tricuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

valve from which blood enters the heart from the lungs

A

mitral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pressure in R atrium

A

2-6 (LOW)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pressure in R ventricle

A

15-20 (LOW)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pulmonary artery pressure

A

25/10

(quarter over dime)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

L atrial pressure

A

8-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

L ventricle pressure

A

130/10

ONLY his pressure area of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

AV valves are open during

A

Mitral + Tricuspid

Open diastole/Closed systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SL valves are open during

A

Aortic + Pulmonic

Closed diastole/Open systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is preload

A

Myocardium stretch prior to contraction

High preload = fluid overload
Low preload = fluid deficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How to measure R sided preload

A

CVP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How to measure L sided preload

A

PAOP (aka wedge pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What closes during S1

A

Mitral and tricuspid close, systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What closes during S2

A

Aortic and pulmonic close, diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

S3

A

fluid overload, ventricular gallop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

S4

A

atrial gallop, vibration of atria into non-compliant ventricles.

Caused by ischemia, hen, pulmonic stenosis, CAD, aortic stenosis, L vent hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When do you hear most split heart sounds

A

During inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a split heart sound

A

one valve closes before the other - could be wide QRS, PVCs etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What valves do the chordae tendinae affect

A

AV valves (tricuspid + mitral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In stenosis will you hear the murmur when valves are open or closed

A

StenOsis = Open valves. Flow through narrOw Open valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When will you hear the murmur in mitral regurg

A

When the mitral valve is closed aka a systolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When will you hear mitral stenosis

A

When the mitral valve is open, during diastole, aka diastolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mitral insufficiency/regurg symptoms

A

Systolic murmur, dyspnea, fatigue, angina, increase L atrial pressureM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mitral stenosis symptoms

A

Diastolic murmur, pulmonary edema, increased atrial and PA pressures, pulmonary htn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
STEMI emergent meds
Aspirin load 325 Nitroglycerin sublingual (can cause hypotension, caution in R vent infarct)
26
What does nitroglycerin do during acute STEMI
Vasodilates (increases collateral perfusion) Reduces preload Decreases O2 consumption
27
Big 5 discharge meds after ACS
1. Aspirin 2. PGY12 receptor blocker (plavix/brilinta) 3. Beta blocker 4. ACE inhibitor (or ARB) 5. Statin DAPT for 1 year!
28
Beta Blocker effects
Decrease HR, decrease contractility, decrease AV node conduction, decrease automaticity, decrease O2 consumption. Negative inotropes!
29
First degree heart block
R is far from P then you have a first degree
30
Second degree heart block Type 1
PR longer longer longer drop = Wenckebach
31
Second degree heart block Type 2
If some Rs don't get through, prepare to pace that Mobitz 2
32
Third degree heart block
If Rs and Ps don't agree prepare to pace that 3rd degree
33
ST elevation in leads V1-V4 indicate occlusion of which vessel
LAD
34
LAD occlusion would show elevation in which leads, and reciprocal changes in which leads
V1-V4 Reciprocal changes in II, III, and AVF
35
Changes in leads V5, V6, I and AVL would indicate occlusion of which vessel
L circumflex - on the lateral wall
36
Posterior wall MI would show reciprocal changes in which leads
V1-V2
37
What will you see in cariogenic shock
Crackles, S3, hypotension d/t L ventricular failure, decreased cardiac output, increased preload, increased after load
38
Treatment of cariogenic shock
Positive inotropes, diuretics, vasodilators
39
What do positive inotropes do
Strengthen contractions of heart, allow increased cardiac output. Digoxiin, milrinone, dobutamine
40
What do negative inotropes do
Reduce the force of the heart's contractions to prevent heart from working too hard. Beta blockers, Ca channel blockers, antiarrhthmics
41
What to do for SVT
Vagel - Adenosine - Diltiazem
42
What to do for unstable SVT
Prepare to cardiovert
43
Wolfe-Parkinson White Syndrome
Abnormal conduction between atria and ventricles. Cardiovert if unstable, otherwise beta blockers
44
Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia is...
Torsades de pointes - prolonged qt in beat preceding rhythm. Can lead to v fib!
45
Amiodarone
For atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Does not decrease contractility. Side effects: bradycardia, increased QTC, long 1/2 life, long term pulmonary toxicity
46
Medication load for a fib
150 amiodarone load, then IV infusion
47
Med for V fib
300 mg Amiodarone PUSH
48
How do Ca channel blockers work
Diltiazem. Relaxes smooth muscle in vessel walls, leads to decreased BP and resistance/afterload
49
What is Atropine used for
Symptomatic bradycardia. Inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system. 0.5 mg IV push, repeat q 3-5 minutes
50
Signs of L heart failure
Tachypnea, tachycardia, crackles, S3, mitral regurg (wet lungs) Usually starts with L heart failure, R fails over time
51
signs of R heart failure
JVD, peripheral edema, ascites, tricuspid regurg, clear lungs
52
What is BNP
Brain nautriuretic peptide - released in to blood when ventricles are over-stretched. Allows for rapid diagnosis of heart failure. Under 100 = no heart failure
53
Three meds for chronic heart failure
1. Beta Blockers (olol) 2. Ace inhibitors (pril) -> move to Arbs if cough 3. Aldosterone antagonists Goal is to block sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
54
What does Angiotensin 2 do in the body
Vasoconstricts, encourages holding on to salt and water.
55
What are the effects of decreasing Angiotensin 2 in the body
-Increased excretion of Na and H20 -Decreased after load -Increased vasodilation -Decreased workload of heart
56
What do Ace Inhibitors do
Decrease workload fo heart by vasodilating and decreasing afterload
57
What body system will ACEs likely impact
Kidneys - watch for increased creatinine, ACEs decrease GFR
58
What electrolyte will ACEs impact
Potassium - may cause hyperkalemia
59
Loop Diuretics include...
Furosemide, torsemide, bumex
60
Thiazides include....
hctz, metolazone Used mostly for BP control
61
Loop diuretics will cause...
Loss of everything - water, K, mag, Ca. Less blood volume = less BP. Can't give with sulfa allergy!
62
Spironolactone is a...
Alodsterone Antagonist Blocks aldosterone to prevent Na and H20 retention. Commonly used WITH loop diuretics so less K+ is lost
63
Isosorbide dinatrate
Venodilator, decreases preload
64
Digoxin
Positive inotrope! Increased myocardial contractility, slows conduction of impulse through AV node, used to control ventricular rate in Afib/Aflutter
65
Dobutamine
Positive inotrope Stimulates beta receptors, improves contractility and cardiac output, quick on/off
66
Milrinone
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor (bridge to transplant) Increases myocardial contractility, vasodilator, long 1/2 life, no change in HR but decreases SVR and improves CO so need some BP to play with
67
What drug will not work after cardiac transplant
Atropine! Vagus nerve is cut
68
What is HOCM
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy - thick septum between R and L ventricle, decreased compliance, outflow obstruction. Diastolic dysfunction. Need to slow down HR since vents can't fill as much
69
Takotsubo
Reversible, more common in women, weakening and ballooning of L ventricle d/t severe stress/catecholamine release. Balloons at apex. Causes chest pain/SOB. Treat with HF meds - beta blockers, Aces (or arbs), and aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone)
70
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Rigid ventricles, ventricular filling is restricted, leads to heart failure over time. Treated with diuretics, Na and H20 restriction, then transplant
71
Pericarditis
Will see diffuse ST changes, concave ST segment elevation. ECG with a :)
72
Complications of pericarditis
Effusions, tamponade, constrictive pericarditis
73

CCRN (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions