Cardiac Flashcards
Normal RV:LV ratio
0.6:1
Probe orientation for Parasternal Long Axis (PLAX)
Marker towards patient’s right shoulder (10 o’clock)
In Massive and Submassive PE, Right Ventricular hypokinesis with sparing of the apex is known as:
McConnell Sign
Probe orientation for subcostal
Marker directed to patient’s left flank
Probe orientation for apical four-chamber
Probe marker directed to the left shoulder with the probe aimed to the right shoulder
Probe orientation for Parasternal Short
Probe marker directed to the patient’s left shoulder
Identify the structures in this parasternal long view
Identify the structures found in this subcostal view
Identify the structures in this apical four-chamber view
Identify the level and the structures in this Parasternal Short view
Parasternal Short at the level of the papillary muscles
Identify the level and the structures in this Parasternal Short view
Level of the aorta
Identify the level and the structures in this Parasternal Short view
Level of the mitral valve
What are the three levels/views to obtain in the Parasternal Short Axis?
What are the emergent echocardiography findings in pericardial tamponade?
Pericardial effusion, right atrial collapse during systole, RV diastolic collapse, lack of repiratory variation in the IVC and hepatic veins, and a swinging heart
What is happening here?
Cardiac tamponade!
What is cardiac tamponade dependent on?
The rate of fluid accumulation within the pericardial sac
What is happening here?
Pericardial effusion! Notice the anechoic fluid collection between the parietal and visceral pericardiums.
Pericardial effusions can be judged as small or large with ultrasound. What are the differences?
Small effusions are less than 1 cm and are oftern localized.
Large effusions are 1-2 cm thick, usually surround the heart completely. The heart may swing within the pericardial sac with larger effusions!
What is suggested by this ultrasound?
Pulmonary Embolism!
Note the increased RV:LV ratio. Normal is 0.6:1.
Note the dilated IVC.
