Cardiac Flashcards
What embryological vessel bridges the descending aorta and left pulmonary artery?
Ductus arteriosus
What embryological vessel bridges the portal vein and IVC?
Ductus venosum
Which congenital cardiac defects create a left to right shunt?
VSD, ASD, PDA
What is the MC congenital heart lesion?
VSD
What is 1st sign of a left to right shunt?
Hepatomegaly
What disease can lead to Left to Right shunt?
CHF
Initial Tx for CHF
Lasix + Digoxin
What congenital cardiac defects create a right to left shunt
4 Ts: Tetralogy of Fallot Transposition of the great vessels Truncus Arteriosus Tricuspid Atresia
What is the MC cyanotic congenital heart lesion?
Tetralogy of Fallot
Initial Tx if cyanosis
oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mixing
If severe: PGE to keep the ductus open or Balloon Atrial Septostomy
What syndrome causes a right to left shunt caused from a left to right shunt?
Eisenmenger’s syndrome
What is the rate of spontaneous VSD closure by age 1
80%
When to repair a large VSD (>2.5)
1 year
What is the rate of spontaneous ASD closure by age 1
90%
MC type of ASD
Ostium secundum
Medical treatment for Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Indomethacin
Surgical treatment for tricuspid atresia
Fontan (direct all vena cava blood to PA)
Surgical treatment for Hypoplastic left heart syndrome?
Norwood
MC area of congenital coarctation of aorta
distal to the left subclavian artery
MCC of death in the US
Coronary Artery Disease
MC atherosclerotic area of the coronaries: Distal or Proximal?
Proximal
Best conduit for revascularization of coronaries?
Internal mammary artery (off subclavian arteries)
90% 20 year patency
What is the #1 high mortality risk factor of CABG
pre-op cardiogenic shock
When do complications occur after myocardial infarction?
3-7 days post-MI
What is the DDX of mechanical complication post MI?
- Ventricular Septal Rupture
- Papillary Muscle Rupture
- Free Wall Rupture
Symptom of Ventricular Septal Rupture
New holo-systolic murmur at right sternal border
