Cardiac Flashcards
First line tx for patient with HTN / CHF:
diltiazem/Cardizem (CCB)
Patient is on beta blocker but is bradycardic/hypotensive:
Lower dose first, then have patient come back and re-evaluate to further adjust meds
Right sided heart failure sx:
JVD, edema
Left sided heart failure sx:
SOB/pulmonary
Coumadin:
- Take once daily
- INR goal: 2-3
- Okay for obese patients –> DOAC have weight limits!
Eliquis:
- Take twice daily with/without food
- Normal renal fx dose: 5mg BID
- Abnormal renal fx dose: 2.5mg BID
Xarelto:
- Take once daily
- Take with food (500 calories)
- More expensive
Calculate ChadVasc score*
- Age
- Sex
- CHF
- HTN
- Stroke/TIA/Thromboembolism
- Vascular disease
- DM
Patient with diastolic heart failure:
Avoid OTC NSAIDs!
Atrial fibrillation
Most common cardiac arrhythmia that has the following electrocardiographic characteristics:
o RR intervals follow no repetitive pattern. They have been labeled as “irregularly irregular.”
o While electrical activity suggestive of P waves is seen in some leads, there are no distinct P waves.
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation:
AF that terminates spontaneously or with intervention within seven days of onset. Episodes may recur with variable frequency.
Premature atrial complex:
Majority of episodes of PAF are triggered by PAC
Autonomic dysfunction:
The autonomic nervous system may be involved, as both increased vagal (parasympathetic) and sympathetic tone can promote the development of AF
Infiltrative cardiac processes that cause LVH:
- Sarcoidosis
- Amyloidosis
- Hemochromatosis
- Aortic stenosis is NOT infiltrative process
LVH changes on EKG:
- Left axis deviation
- QRS voltage increase
- Twave inverted
