Card Flashcards
What is the classification of antihypertensive drugs?
Antihypertensive drugs are classified into several categories:
* Renin inhibitors
* Beta-blockers
* Calcium channel blockers
* ACE inhibitors
* Angiotensin II receptor blockers
* Alpha blockers
* Centrally acting agents
* Vasodilators
Each category has different mechanisms of action and indications for use.
Name a renin inhibitor used in hypertension treatment.
Aliskiren
Aliskiren is a direct renin inhibitor that helps reduce blood pressure.
What are non-selective beta-blockers?
Non-selective beta-blockers include:
* Propranolol
* Nadolol
* Timolol
These drugs block both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors.
Fill in the blank: Calcium channel blockers include _______.
Amlodipine, Nifedipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem
These medications help to relax blood vessels and reduce blood pressure.
What is the function of ACE inhibitors?
ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to:
* Reduced vasoconstriction
* Decreased aldosterone secretion
Examples include Enalapril, Lisinopril, and Ramipril.
True or False: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) also lower blood pressure.
True
ARBs block the action of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.
What are the effects of centrally acting agents in hypertension?
Centrally acting agents reduce blood pressure by:
* Decreasing sympathetic outflow
* Reducing heart rate
Examples include Clonidine and Methyldopa.
What is the role of alpha blockers in hypertension management?
Alpha blockers work by:
* Blocking alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
* Causing vasodilation
Examples include Prazosin, Doxazosin, and Terazosin.
Fill in the blank: Vasodilators like _______ are used in hypertension treatment.
Hydralazine, Minoxidil
These medications directly relax blood vessel walls.
What is one of the mechanisms by which ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure?
Inhibition of angiotensin II formation
This leads to vasodilation and reduced secretion of aldosterone.
What condition is referred to as heat failure?
Heat failure
A condition where the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body’s needs.
What is chronic kidney disease?
Chronic kidney disease
A long-term condition where the kidneys do not work effectively.
What is hypokalemia?
Hypokalemia
A condition characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood.
What is hyperkalemia?
Hyperkalemia
A condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood.
What is the effect of NSAIDs on antihypertensive medications?
NSAIDs can reduce the antihypertensive effect
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may diminish the effectiveness of blood pressure medications.
What is spironolactone used for?
Spironolactone is used for managing conditions like hypertension and heart failure
It is a potassium-sparing diuretic that helps prevent potassium loss.
Fill in the blank: Drug A can increase _______ levels.
Drug A can increase potassium levels.
This can lead to hyperkalemia if not monitored.
What is labetalol?
Labetalol is a combined alpha and beta-blocker
It is used to treat high blood pressure, particularly in emergency situations.
True or False: A body sodium imbalance can be either an emergency or a chronic condition.
True
Sodium imbalances need to be addressed promptly to prevent serious health issues.
What is the role of a vasodilator in hypertensive emergencies?
A vasodilator reduces blood pressure quickly
This helps manage acute hypertensive crises.
What is the significance of potassium-sparing diuretics?
They help retain potassium while removing sodium and water
Important for patients at risk of hypokalemia.
Fill in the blank: Chronic kidney disease can lead to _______ failure.
Chronic kidney disease can lead to heart failure.
The two conditions are often interrelated.
What is the primary management strategy for hypertension?
Medication, lifestyle changes, and monitoring
Essential for controlling blood pressure and preventing complications.
What are the common side effects of antihypertensive medications?
Dizziness, fatigue, and hypotension
Patients should be monitored for these side effects.
